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Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2008;86:934-940.
Radiotracer-Guided Thoracoscopic Resection is a Cost-Effective Technique for the Evaluation of Subcentimeter Pulmonary Nodules
Eric L. Grogan, George J. Stukenborg, Alykhan S. Nagji, Winsor Simmons, Benjamin D. Kozower, David R. Jones, and Thomas M. Daniel
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 2. Two-way sensitivity analysis of cost-effectiveness of radiotracer-guided thoracoscopic resection (RGTR) versus thoracotomy. The dark area includes all combinations of the two estimates in which radiotracer-guided thoracoscopic resection is dominant. As the cost of thoracotomy increases, radiotracer-guided thoracoscopic resection becomes the preferred more cost-effective strategy (dark area). As the cost of radiotracer-guided thoracoscopic resection increases, thoracotomy is preferred (light area).

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2004;77:1016-1021.
Pleural perfusion thermo-chemotherapy under VATS: a new less invasive modality for advanced lung cancer with pleural spread
Norihisa Shigemura, Akinori Akashi, Tomoyuki Nakagiri, Kenji Hazama, Mitsunori Ohta, and Hikaru Matsuda
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 1. Operative scheme of thoracoscopic (PPTC under VATS). Two tubes for irrigation inlet and outlet, which were inserted into the pleural cavity under thoracoscopic guidance without thoracotomy, were connected to a standard extracorporeal circuit (heat exchanger, roller pump, and reservoir). (CDDP = cis-diamminedichloroplatinum; PPTC = pleural perfusion thermo-chemotherapy; VATS = video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.)

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1998;65:1439-1441.
Thoracoscopic Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization
Keith A. Horvath
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 1. (A) Patient positioning and instrument placement for thoracoscopic transmyocardial laser revascularization. The camera and grasper are placed laterally in the fifth intercostal space. The instruments and laser hand pieces are placed anteriorly in the fifth intercostal space and the fourth or third intercostal space. (B) Thoracoscopic view of pericardiotomy. (C) Thoracoscopic view of the laser hand piece against the epicardium.

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2005;80:553-558.
Mid-Term Results After Thoracoscopic Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization
Gary S. Allen
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 1. Port placement for completely thoracoscopic transmyocardial revascularization. Numbers 1–4 indicate the sites of the four thoracoscopic ports.

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1999;68:2026-2031.
Long-term survival after thoracoscopic lung volume reduction: a multiinstitutional review
Keith S. Naunheim, Larry R. Kaiser, Joseph E. Bavaria, Stephen R. Hazelrigg, Mitchell J. Magee, Rodney J. Landreneau, Robert J. Keenan, Joan F. Osterloh, Theresa M. Boley, and Cesar A. Keller
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 1. Actuarial survival curves after unilateral thoracoscopic lung volume reduction (UTLVR) and bilateral thoracoscopic lung volume reduction. Error bars represent one standard error.

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1995;59:348-351.
The Role of Thoracoscopy in the Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease
Mark J Krasna, Charles S White, Seena C Aisner, Philip A Templeton, and Joseph S McLaughlin
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 1. . Setup and stapler application for thoracoscopic lung resection. ( ICS = intercostal space; RLL = right lower lobe; RML = right middle lobe; RUL = right upper lobe.) (Reprinted from Krasna MJ, Mack MJ. Atlas of thoracoscopic surgery. St. Louis: Quality Medical Publishing, Inc, 1994:98.)

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2002;74:615-623.
VATS major pulmonary resection revisited—controversies, techniques, and results
Anthony P.C. Yim
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 3. Management of the left main pulmonary artery (PA) in a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) pneumonectomy to illustrate our technique. (A) Under thoracoscopic vision, the PA was dissected around with a conventional right-angle clamp. A #2 silk tie was about to be pulled around the vessel. (B) With traction on the silk tie, a dental pledget mounted on a right-angle clamp was used to open up the space behind the PA. Any suspicious mediastinal lymph node, like level 5, was biopsied and frozen section performed before proceeding further. (C) The frozen section of the level-5 node was benign. A vascular stapler (EndoGIA30V, Autosuture, USC) was used to staple-transect the PA. (D) Three rows of staples were left on either side of the transected PA. The final diagnosis in this patient was T₂N₀M₀ stage Ib squamous cell carcinoma. He was discharged on postoperative day 3 and returned to his country of origin the following week. (Reprinted from Yim APC. Video-assisted pulmonary resections. In: Pearson FG, Cooper JD, Deslauriers J, et al, eds. Thoracic Surgery, 2nd ed, by permission of Churchill Livingstone [26].)

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2004;77:1834-1837.
Successful thoracoscopic debridement of descending necrotizing mediastinitis
Noritaka Isowa, Tetsu Yamada, Takeshi Kijima, Kazuki Hasegawa, and Koji Chihara
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 4. (A) Chest computed tomographic scan showed the paratracheal abscess was quickly resolved until 3 days after the thoracoscopic surgery. (B) Anterior mediastinal abscess was resolved until 15 days after the thoracoscopic surgery. (C) Nearly normal mediastinal structure was demonstrated on postoperative day 45.

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2003;76:225-230.
Minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of empyema: intraoperative decision making
John R. Roberts
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 2. Breakdown of computed tomographic (CT) scoring for patients who underwent open thoracotomy (grey bars) and those who underwent thoracoscopic surgery (black bars). Data from 84 patients who had CT scans within 3 days of surgery were analyzed to determine whether the CT findings could predict the surgery that would be necessary to effect drainage. Readings of frank radiologic empyema indicated that patients were more likely to require open rather than thoracoscopic drainage.

10.

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1998;65:855-856.
Thoracoscopic Limited Pericardial Resection With an Ultrasonic Scalpel
Toshiya Ohtsuka, Randall K. Wolf, Peter Wurnig, and Steven E. Park
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Thoracoscopic magnified view of a hook blade of the Harmonic Scalpel (arrow) used for pericardiotomy.

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