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Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2000;70:1953-1957.
Risk factors for late pulmonary homograft stenosis after the Ross procedure
Ehud Raanani, Terrence M. Yau, Tirone E. David, Goran Dellgren, Brian D. Sonnenberg, and Ahmed Omran
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 3. Effect of risk factors previously associated with increased homograft viability on late pulmonary homograft gradients. These putative risk factors included donor age less than 30 years, ABO mismatch, beating heart donor status, warm ischemic time less than 2 hours, amphotericin usage, and length of cryopreservation less than 20 months. Mean Doppler gradients across the pulmonary homograft increased from 6 ± 4 mm Hg in homografts with none of these risk factors to 26 ± 3 mm Hg in homografts with all six of these risk factors (p = 0.002).

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2006;82:2200-2206.
Truncus Arteriosus Communis: Early and Midterm Results of Early Primary Repair
Georgios Kalavrouziotis, Manoj Purohit, Giovanna Ciotti, Antonio F. Corno, and Marco Pozzi
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 2. Freedom from conduit reoperation according to conduit used: aortic homograft (squares); pulmonary homograft (diamonds); Contegra (triangles); and Shelhigh (crosses). The numbers for the patients with the Shelhigh conduit are on the curve; the numbers represent patients at risk (the 95% confidence limits are in parentheses). (AH = aortic homograft; C = Contegra conduit; PH = pulmonary homograft.)

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1998;65:1788-1790.
Repair of Mitral Valve and Subaortic Mycotic Aneurysm in a Child With Endocarditis
Michael W. Frank, Constantine Mavroudis, Carl L. Backer, and Albert P. Rocchini
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 2. Operative repair using the various components of the aortic homograft: (A) homograft anterior mitral valve tissue used for mitral valve repair, (B) homograft aortic root used for aortic root replacement, and (C) homograft patch used to close the mycotic aneurysm.

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2002;73:1778-1785.
Valved homograft replacement of aneurysmal pulmonary arteries for severely symptomatic absent pulmonary valve syndrome
Chee Chin Hew, Sabine H. Daebritz, David Zurakowski, Pedro I. del Nido, John E. Mayer, Jr, and Richard A. Jonas
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2009;88:233-237.
Operative Strategies for Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Secondary to Mediastinal Fibrosis
Morgan L. Brown, Alex R. Cedeño, Eric S. Edell, Donald J. Hagler, and Hartzell V. Schaff
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 2. This figure demonstrates the placement of an aortic homograft from the right ventricle to the right pulmonary artery (RPA). (A) A longitudinal incision is made in the right ventricle and the superior vena cava is retracted medially to expose the right pulmonary artery where a longitudinal pulmonary arteriotomy was made. (B) An aortic homograft may be used because it is more pliable and has a slight curve that allows for a more natural position when in place. A small piece of Dacron graft was used as a proximal extension from the right ventricle to the aortic homograft. In patients with mediastinal fibrosis, the right ventricle is generally not grossly enlarged or hypertrophied, which allows for easier conduit placement between the right ventricle and sternum.

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2005;79:1669-1675.
Risk Factors, Dynamics, and Cutoff Values for Homograft Stenosis After the Ross Procedure
Horea Feier, Frederic Collart, Olivier Ghez, Alberto Riberi, Thierry Caus, Bernard Kreitmann, and Dominique Metras
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 4. Kaplan-Meier freedom from stenosis in group A (homograft gradient < 9 mm Hg at one year) and group B (homograft gradient $≥$ 9 mm Hg at one year). There were 19 patients who developed stenosis in group B, while only 4 of the homografts in group A became stenotic (p = 0.029, log-rank).

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2005;79:2161-2162.
Aortic Homograft for Pulmonary Artery Augmentation in Single Lung Transplantation
Pablo Rueda, Jose Morales, Enrique Guzman, Jose L. Tellez, Benito A. Niebla, Alejandro Avalos, and Hilda Patiño
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 1. Aortic graft in place sutured to pulmonary artery. (A) Photograph of aortic homograft. (B) Schematic drawing of the aortic homograft. (AoH = aortic homograft; Br = bronchus; LLL = left lower lobe; LUL = left upper lobe; PA = pulmonary artery.)

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2003;76:S17-46S.
Adult cardiac surgery during the first 50 years of the Southern Thoracic Surgical Association
Kit V. Arom and Frederick L. Grover
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 7. The clinical status of 102 patients who were discharged from the hospital with a preserved homograft valve who were followed up from 4.5 to 7.5 years. Twelve patients who died of causes unrelated to homograft malfunction were excluded. Note that at the latter end of the 7.5 year follow-up, there is a somewhat greater incidence of homograft failure (33% versus 20%). (Reprinted with permission from Gonzales-Lavin et al, Ann Thorac Surg 1972;13:594–606.)

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1999;67:966-971.
Left ventricular mass reduction after aortic valve replacement: homografts, stentless and stented valves
Daniele Maselli, Raffaella Pizio, Lantieri Pasquale Bruno, Isidoro Di Bella, and Carlo De Gasperis
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Fig 1. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) preoperatively (PREOP) and 8 months after (POSTOP) aortic valve replacement. The homograft and freestyle valves expressed the maximum LVMI reduction. This is evident in all cases (A) and in patients with a preoperative LVMI of 180 g/m² or less (B). In patients with a preoperative LVMI of 180 g/m² or more (C) the homograft treatment achieved the best results. (I = intact; H = homografts; T = Toronto; F = freestyle; C = controls).

10.

Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1998;65:496-502.
The Ross Operation in Children: 10-Year Experience
Ronald C. Elkins, Christopher J. Knott-Craig, Kent E. Ward, and Mary M. Lane
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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Pulmonary homograft size in millimeters plotted against patient body surface area. Most pulmonary homografts are adult size (>20 mm) even in small patients.

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