Ann Thorac Surg 1992;53:123-126
© 1992 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Articles
Variation in cryolesion penetration due to probe size and tissue thermal conductivity
William L. Holman, MD*,
James K. Kirklin, MD,
Peter G. Anderson, DVM PhD,
Albert D. Pacifico, MD
Division of Cardiothoraoc Surgery and Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Accepted for publication August 2, 1991.
* Address reprint requests to Dr Holman, Department of Surgery, University Station, Birmingham, AL 35294.
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Abstract
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The purpose of this study is to present data comparing the penetration of cryolesions created by various sizes and shapes of cryoprobes in human cadaveric myocardium, fat, and tissue of the central fibrous body. Ten cryolesions were made for each combination of tissue and cryoprobe studied. All cryolesions enlarged most rapidly during the first minute of cryothermia (p < 0.01). Maximal cryothermic penetration into nontrabeculated myocardium was 8.5 ± 0.5 mm (15-mm flat probe) and 6.1 ± 1.0 mm (5-mm small probe). Maximal cryothermic penetration into trabeculated myocardium was 9.4 ± 1.0 mm (10-mm cone-tipped probe) and 7.4 ± 0.5 mm (10-mm flat probe). Maximal cryothermic penetration into fat was 4.7 ± 0.7 mm (15-mm flat probe) and 3.9 ± 0.7 mm (5-mm flat probe). The deeper penetration of cryothermia into myocardium as compared with fat (p < 0.05) is related to the lower thermal conductivity of fat. Maximal cryothermic penetration of the central fibrous body was similar to that of the myocardium with transmural freezing of the central fibrous body after 4.4 ± 0.3 minutes of cryothermia. These data can be used when determining the optimal cryothermic exposure for ablation of arrhythmogenic tissue.
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Footnotes
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Supported by grant HL 43213-01A1 from the National Institutes of Health and grant-in-aid A1-G-900001 from the Alabama American Heart Association.
Cryoprobes for this study were contributed by Frigitronics Inc, Shelton, CT.
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References
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