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Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 911-1 Takebayashi, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-0974 Japan
(Email: yosito_inoue{at}saimiya.com).
I read with great interest the article by Mihaljevic and colleagues [1] on cardioscopy. The authors presented a novel method for obtaining intracardiac visual fields during on-pump beating heart conditions, and they advocate that this method would provide a less invasive percutaneous approach compared with current open heart procedures.
Cardioscopic procedures have been performed within small cardiac chambers filled with pulsating body fluids and moving target organs [2]. Because transluminal access to cardiac chambers is limited, designs for (1) vision technique, (2) access, (3) placement of flexible catheters, and (4) stabilization of the visual field and target organ are important for percutaneous intervention [3]. However, Mihaljevic and colleagues' [1] methods may be incompatible with this strategy because cannulas for cardiopulmonary bypass and perfusion dominate percutaneous access and leave little room for manipulation of a properly-sized cardioscope, transluminal forceps, and catheters.
If a cardioscopic procedure is intended to reduce surgical trauma, off-pump beating heart surgery would be preferred [4]. Although the visual field is limited, a balloon-tipped flexible cardioscope assures a clear visual field without blood clouding, obviates blocking percutaneous access, and provides stabilization with flexible angle manipulation and long-term inspection without cardiopulmonary bypass [5]. Combined with the latest color Doppler and three-dimensional ultrasound imaging, which provide sufficient functional and spatial anatomical landmarks, this method allows an alternative approach for off-pump beating heart intracardiac technique.
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T. Mihaljevic Reply. Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 2008; 86(4): 1401 - 1401. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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