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Fig 1. Operative scheme of thoracoscopic (PPTC under VATS). Two tubes for irrigation inlet and outlet, which were inserted into the pleural cavity under thoracoscopic guidance without thoracotomy, were connected to a standard extracorporeal circuit (heat exchanger, roller pump, and reservoir). (CDDP = cis-diamminedichloroplatinum; PPTC = pleural perfusion thermo-chemotherapy; VATS = video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.)
