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Ann Thorac Surg 2001;71:S30-S54
© 2001 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Our contributions: scholarship revisited

Rosalyn P. Scott, MDa

a Department of Surgery, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA

Address reprint requests to Dr Scott, 4265 Marina City Dr, #901, Marina del Rey, CA 90292
e-mail: rozscott{at}gte.net

Presented at the Women in Thoracic Surgery Symposium, Thirty-sixth Annual Meeting of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Fort Lauderdale, FL, Jan 31, 2000.

Traditional medical oaths and codes portray the ideal physician as devoted to the welfare of patients and to the pursuit of scientific knowledge. Although promoting excellence and compassion in the care of patients remains our highest priority, it is the pursuit of knowledge through study and research that has continuously renewed, strengthened, and advanced our field. Scholarly activities are critical to improving our patients’ outcomes, to our individual development, and to the further advancement of our profession.

Ernest L. Boyer, when president of The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, examined the definition of scholarship within the context of the professoriate [1]. He argued that although basic research has been viewed as the first and most important form of scholarly activity, knowledge is not necessarily developed in a linear fashion and that basic research should not necessarily be valued above all other forms of scholarly pursuits. Although theory clearly does inform practice, practice on its own will provoke new theory. Teaching, at its best, shapes both research and practice. In recognizing the full scope of academic work, Boyer defined four overlapping functions of scholarship: the scholarship of discovery; the scholarship of integration; the scholarship of application; and the scholarship of teaching.

The scholarship of discovery through research, according to William Bowen, former president of Princeton University, "reflects our pressing, irrepressible need as human beings to confront the unknown and to seek understanding for its own sake. It is tied inextricably to the freedom to think freshly, to see propositions of every kind in ever changing light. And it celebrates the special exhilaration that comes with a new idea." [2].

Through the scholarship of integration, we give meaning to isolated facts by fitting them into larger patterns, making connections across disciplines, and interpreting what has been discovered in ways that provide a larger, more comprehensive understanding.

The scholarship of application engages us to solve consequential problems with our gained knowledge for the good of individuals and society. Here is where theory and practice interact vitally, each renewing the other.

Through the scholarship of teaching, we ensure the continuity of knowledge and stimulate students to be critical, creative thinkers. Through teaching, knowledge is not only transmitted, but transformed and extended as students and teachers are impelled in creative new directrions. Inspired teaching "keeps the flame of scholarship alive."

Through our scholarly efforts, the women of thoracic surgery have contributed to the advancement of medicine and surgery as research scientists, clinicians, and teachers. Those of us in academic practices are continually challenged with balancing the priorities of research, service, and teaching. Those of us in clinical practices value the process of critically examining our work and of seeking innovative solutions and technologies that benefit our patients. The bibliography that follows with the women’s names italicized chronicles these efforts.

References

  1. Boyer EL. Scholarship reconsidered. Priorities of the professoriate. Princeton, NJ: The Carnegie Foundation of the Advancement of Teaching, 1990:15–25.
  2. Bowen WG. Ever the teacher: William G. Bowen’s writings as President of Princeton. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987:269.

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