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Ann Thorac Surg 1997;64:878-879
© 1997 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Key References

Myocardial Protection and Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Neonates and Infants

Pedro J. del Nido, MD

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Footnotes

Address reprint requests to Dr del Nido, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Bader 279, Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: delnido{at}a1.tch.harvard.edu).

Myocardial Protection: Clinical Reports

  1. Bilfinger TV, Moeller JT, Kurusz M, Grinson RC, Anagnostopoulos CE. Pediatric myocardial protection in the United States: a survey of current clinical practice. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992;40:214–8.[Medline]
  2. Corno A, Zoia E, Santoro F, Camesasca C, Biagioli B, Grossi A. Epicardial damage induced by topical cooling during paediatric cardiac surgery. Br Heart J 1992;67:174–6.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  3. Del Nido PJ, Mickle D, Wilson GJ, et al. Inadequate myocardial protection with cold cardioplegic arrest during repair of tetralogy of Fallot. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988;95:223–9.[Abstract]
  4. Drinkwater DC, Laks H. Pediatric cardioplegic techniques. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993;5:168–75.[Medline]
  5. Hammon JW Jr. Myocardial protection in the immature heart. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;60:839–42.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  6. Lofland GK, Abd-Elfattah AS, Wyse R, de Leval MR, Stark J, Wechsler AS. Myocardial adenine nucleotide metabolism in pediatric patients during hypothermic cardioplegic arrest and normothermic ischemia. Ann Thorac Surg 1989;47:663–8.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  7. McGowan FX, Davis PJ, Siewers RD, del Nido PJ. Coronary vasoconstriction mediated by endothelin-1 in neonates. Reversal by nitroglycerin. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;109:88–98.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  8. Mori F, Miyamoto M, Tsuboi H, Noda H, Esato K. Clinical trial of nicardipine cardioplegia in pediatric cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 1990;49:413–7.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  9. Teoh KH, Mickle DA, Weisel RD, et al. Effect of oxygen tension and cardiovascular operations on the myocardial antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and aorta–coronary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992;104:159–64.[Abstract]
  10. Williams WG, Rebeyka IM, Tibshirani RJ, et al. Warm induction blood cardioplegia in the infant. A technique to avoid rapid cooling myocardial contracture. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990;100:896–901.[Abstract]
Myocardial Protection: Experimental Studies

  1. Clark BJ, Woodford EJ, Malec EJ, Norwood CR, Pigott JD, Norwood WI. Effects of potassium cardioplegia on high-energy phosphate kinetics during circulatory arrest with deep hypothermia in the newborn piglet heart. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;101:342–9.[Abstract]
  2. Diaco M, DiSesa VJ, Sun SC, Laurence R, Cohn LH. Cardioplegia for the immature myocardium. A comparative study in the neonatal rabbit. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990;100:910–3.[Abstract]
  3. Fujiwara T, Heinle J, Britton L, Mayer JE. Myocardial preservation in neonatal lambs. Comparison of hypothermia with crystalloid and blood cardioplegia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;101:703–12.[Abstract]
  4. Julia PL, Kofsky ER, Buckberg GD, Young H, Bugyi HI. Studies of myocardial protection in the immature heart. I. Enhanced tolerance of immature versus adult myocardium to global ischemia with reference to metabolic difference. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990;100:879–87.[Abstract]
  5. Kawata H, Sawatari K, Mayer JE. Evidence for the role of neutrophils in reperfusion injury after cold cardioplegic ischemia in neonatal lambs. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992;103:908–18.[Abstract]
  6. Kofsky ER, Julia PL, Buckberg GD, Young H, Tixier D. Studies of myocardial protection in the immature heart. V. Safety of prolonged aortic clamping with hypocalcemic glutamate/aspartate blood cardioplegia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;101:33–43.[Abstract]
  7. Kohman LJ, Veit LJ. Single-dose versus multidose cardioplegia in neonatal hearts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994;107:1512–8.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  8. Magovern JA, Pae WE, Miller CA, Waldhausen JA. The immature and the mature myocardium. Responses to multidose crystalloid cardioplegia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988;95:618–24.[Abstract]
  9. Matherne GP, Headrick JP, Berr S, Berne RM. Metabolic and functional responses of immature and mature rabbit hearts to hypoperfusion, ischemia, and reperfusion. Am J Physiol 1993;264:H2141–53.[Medline]
  10. McGowan FX, Cao-Danh H, Takeuchi K, Davis PJ, del Nido PJ. Prolonged neonatal myocardial preservation with a highly buffered low-calcium solution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994;108:772–9.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  11. Pearl JM, Laks H, Drinkwater DC, et al. Normocalcemic blood or crystalloid cardioplegia provides better neonatal myocardial protection than does low-calcium cardioplegia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993;105:201–6.[Abstract]
Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Infants: Techniques and Pathophysiology

  1. Butler J, Pathi VL, Paton RD, et al. Acute-phase responses to cardiopulmonary bypass in children weighing less than 10 kilograms. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;62:538–42.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  2. Elliott MJ. Ultrafiltration and modified ultrafiltration in pediatric open heart operations. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;56:1518–22.[Medline]
  3. Kern FH, Morana NJ, Sears JJ, Hickey PR. Coagulation defects in neonates during cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 1992;54:541–6.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  4. Kilbridge PM, Mayer JE, Newburger JW, Hickey PR, Walsh A, Neufeld EJ. Induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin mRNA in heart and skeletal muscle of pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994;107:1183–92.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  5. Mainwaring RD, Lamberti JJ, Billman GF, Nelson JC. Suppression of the pituitary thyroid axis after cardiopulmonary bypass in the neonate. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:1078–82.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  6. Nicolas F, Daniel JP, Bruniaux J, Serraf A, Lacour-Gayet F, Planche C. Conventional cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates. A physiological approach—10 years of experience at Marie-Lannelongue Hospital. Perfusion 1994;9:41–8.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  7. Rivard GJ. Mediastinal bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric patients. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;62:1955–60.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  8. Seghaye MC, Duchateau J, Grabitz RG, et al. Complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children. Relation to postoperative multiple system organ failure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993;106:978–87.[Abstract]
  9. Seghaye MC, Duchateau J, Grabitz RG, et al. Complement, leukocytes, and leukocyte elastase in full-term neonates undergoing cardiac operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994;108:29–36.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Infants: Central Nervous System Effects and Outcome

  1. Barratt-Boyes BG. Choreoathetosis as a complication of cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 1990;50:693–4.[Free Full Text]
  2. Bellinger DC, Jonas RA, Rappaport LA, et al. Developmental and neurologic status of children after heart surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest or low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass. N Engl J Med 1995;332:549–55.[Medline]
  3. DeLeon S, Ilbawi M, Arcilla R, et al. Choreoathetosis after deep hypothermia without circulatory arrest. Ann Thorac Surg 1990;50:714–9.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  4. DuPlessis AJ, Newburger J, Jonas RA, et al. Cerebral oxygen supply and utilization during infant cardiac surgery. Ann Neurol 1995;37:488–97.[Medline]
  5. Eke CC, Gundry SR, Baum MF, Chinnock RE, Razzouk AJ, Bailey LL. Neurologic sequelae of deep hypothermic circu-latory arrest in cardiac transplant infants. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;61:783–8.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  6. Greeley WJ, Ungerleider RM, Kern FH, Brusino FG, Smith R, Reeves JG. Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on cerebral blood flow in neonates, infants, and children. Circulation 1989;80(Suppl 1):209–15.
  7. Greeley WJ, Ungerleider RM, Smith LR, Reves JG. The effects of deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and total circulatory arrest on cerebral blood flow in infants and children. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989;97:737–45.[Abstract]
  8. Kramer RS, Sander AP, Lesage AM, Woodhall B, Sealy WC. The effect of profound hypothermia on preservation of cerebral ATP content during circulatory arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1968;56:699–709.[Medline]
  9. Mault JR, Ohtake S, Klingensmith ME, Heinle JS, Greeley WJ, Ungerleider RM. Cerebral metabolism and circulatory arrest: effects of duration and strategies for protection. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;55:57–64.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  10. Newburger JW, Jonas RA, Wernovsky G, et al. A comparison of the perioperative neurologic effects of hypothermic circulatory arrest versus low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass in infant heart surgery. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1057–64.[Medline]
  11. Oates RK, Simpson JM, Turnbull JAB, Cartmill TB. The relationship between intelligence and duration of circulatory arrest with deep hypothermia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;110:786–92.[Abstract/Free Full Text]



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