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Ann Thorac Surg 1996;61:1581-1582
© 1996 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Key References

Myocardial Protection: Modern Studies

Irvin B. Krukenkamp, MD, Sidney Levitsky, MD

Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Footnotes

Address reprint requests to Dr Krukenkamp, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New England Deaconess Hospital, 110 Francis St, Suite 2C, Boston, MA 02215.

Current Opinions in Myocardial Protection

  1. Gay WA Jr. Crystalloid potassium cardioplegia: concepts and early studies. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:1285–6.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  2. Cordell AR. Milestones in the development of cardioplegia. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;60:793–6.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  3. Buckberg GD. Update on current techniques of myocardial protection. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;60:805–14.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  4. Robinson LA, Schwarz GD, Goddard DB, Fleming WH, Galbraith TA. Myocardial protection for acquired heart disease surgery: results of a national survey. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;59:361–72.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  5. Ikonomidis JS, Rao V, Weisel RD, Hayashida N, Shirai T. Myocardial protection for coronary bypass grafting: The Toronto Hospital perspective. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;60:824–32.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  6. Hayashida N, Ikonomidis JS, Weisel RD, et al. The optimal cardioplegic temperature. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:961–71.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Warm and ``Tepid'' Heart Surgery

  1. Lichtenstein SV, Naylor CD, Feindel CM, et al. Intermittent warm blood cardioplegia. Circulation 1995;92:341–6.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  2. Hayashida N, Weisel RD, Shirai T, et al. Tepid antegrade and retrograde cardioplegia. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;59:723–9.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  3. Grech ED, Baines M, Steyn R, et al. Evidence that continuous normothermic blood cardioplegia offers better myocardial protection than intermittent hypothermic cardioplegia. Br Heart J 1995;74:517–21.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  4. Kaukoranta P, Lepojärvi M, Nissinen J, Raatikainen P, Peuhkurinen KT. Normothermic versus mild hypothermic retrograde blood cardioplegia: a prospective, randomized study. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;60:1087–93.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  5. Bufkin BL, Mellitt RJ, Gott JP, Huang AH, Pan-Chih, Guyton RA. Aerobic blood cardioplegia for revascularization of acute infarct: effects of delivery temperature. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:953–60.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  6. Carrier M, Tourigny A, Thoribe N, et al. Effects of cold and warm blood cardioplegia assessed by myocardial pH and release of metabolic markers. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:764–7.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  7. Martin TD, Craver JM, Gott JP, et al. Prospective, randomized trial of retrograde warm blood cardioplegia: myocardial benefit and neurologic threat. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;57:298–302.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  8. Menasché P, Fleury JP, Droc L, et al. Metabolic and functional evidence that retrograde warm blood cardioplegia does not injure the right ventricle in human beings. Circulation 1994;90(Suppl 2):310–5.
  9. Pelletier LC, Carrier M, Leclerc Y, Cartier R, Wesolowska E, Solymoss BC. Intermittent antegrade warm versus cold blood cardioplegia: a prospective, randomized study. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:41–8.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  10. Brown WM III, Jay JL, Gott JP, et al. Warm blood cardioplegia: superior protection after acute myocardial ischemia. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;55:32–41.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  11. Horsley WS, Whitlark JD, Hall JD, et al. Revascularization for acute regional infarct: superior protection with warm blood cardioplegia. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;56:1228–37.[Medline]
  12. Matsuura H, Lazar HL, Yang XM, Rivers S, Treanor PR, Shemin RJ. Detrimental effects of interrupting warm blood cardioplegia during coronary revascularization. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993;106:357–61.[Abstract]
Retrograde Cardioplegia

  1. Ardehali A, Gates RN, Laks H, et al. The regional capillary distribution of retrograde blood cardioplegia in explanted human hearts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;109:935–9.[Abstract]
  2. Gates RN, Laks H, Drinkwater DC Jr, et al. Can improved microvascular perfusion be achieved by using both antegrade and retrograde cardioplegia? Ann Thorac Surg 1995;60:1308–11.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  3. Villanueva FS, Spotnitz WD, Glasheen WP, Watson DD, Jayaweera AR, Kaul S. New insights into the physiology of retrograde cardioplegia delivery. Am J Physiol 1995; 268(Heart Circ Physiol):H1555–66.[Medline]
  4. Huang AH, Sofola IO, Bufkin BL, Mellitt RJ, Guyton RA. Coronary sinus pressure and arterial venting do not affect retrograde cardioplegia distribution. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:1499–504.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Metabolic and Resuscitative Cardioplegic Components

  1. Asai T, Grossi EA, LeBoutillier M III, et al. Resuscitative retrograde blood cardioplegia: are amino acids or continuous warm techniques necessary? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;109:242–8.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  2. Pisarenko OI, Rosenfeldt FL, Langley L, Conyers RA, Richards SM. Differing protection with aspartate and glutamate cardioplegia in the isolated rat heart. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;59:1541–8.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  3. Hudspeth DA, Nakanishi K, Vinten-Johansen J, et al. Adenosine in blood cardioplegia prevents postischemic dysfunction in ischemically injured hearts. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:1637–44.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  4. Stringham JC, Paulsen KL, Southard JH, Mentzer RM Jr, Belzer FO. Forty-hour preservation of the rabbit heart: optimal osmolarity, [Mg2+], and pH of a modified UW solution. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:7–13.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  5. Baker JE, Boerboom LE, Olinger GN. Age and protection of the ischemic myocardium: is alkaline cardioplegia appropriate? Ann Thorac Surg 1993;55:747–55.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  6. Hsu DT, Weng ZC, Nicolosi AC, Detwiler PW, Sciacca R, Spotnitz HM. Quantitative effects of myocardial edema on the left ventricular pressure--volume relation. Influence of cardioplegia osmolarity over two hours of ischemic arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993;106:651–7.[Abstract]
Cardioplegia for Hypertrophied Myocardium

  1. Bouchart F, Bessou JP, Tabley A, et al. Which cardioplegia for the hypertrophied myocardium? A prospective clinical study of four preservation techniques. Transplant Proc 1995;27:2812–3.[Medline]
  2. Jin XY, Gibson DG, Pepper JR. Early changes in regional and global left ventricular function after aortic valve replacement-comparison of crystalloid, cold blood, and warm blood cardioplegias. Circulation 1995;92:155–62.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  3. Takeuchi K, Buenaventura P, Cao-Danh H, et al. Improved protection of the hypertrophied left ventricle by histidine-containing cardioplegia. Circulation 1995;92:395–9.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  4. Menasché P, Tronc F, Nguyen A, et al. Retrograde warm blood cardioplegia preserves hypertrophied myocardium: a clinical study. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;57:1429–34.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Preconditioning and Myocardial Protection

  1. Burns PG, Krukenkamp IB, Caldarone CA, Gaudette GR, Bukhari EA, Levitsky S. Does cardiopulmonary bypass alone elicit myoprotective preconditioning? Circulation 1995;92:447–51.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  2. Engelman DT, Chen CZ, Watanabe M, et al. Hypoxic preconditioning enhances functional recovery after prolonged cardioplegic arrest. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;59:428–32.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  3. Galinanes M, Argano V, Hearse DJ. Can ischemic preconditioning ensure optimal myocardial protection when delivery of cardioplegia is impaired? Circulation 1995;92:389–94.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  4. Menasché P, Kevelaitis E, Mouas C, Grousset C, Piwnica A, Bloch G. Preconditioning with potassium channel openers-a new concept for enhancing cardioplegic protection? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;110:1606–14.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  5. Bolling SF, Olszanski DA, Childs KF, Gallagher KP, Ning XH. Stunning, preconditioning, and functional recovery after global myocardial ischemia. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:822–7.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  6. Ikonomidis JS, Weisel RD, Mickle DA. Ischemic preconditioning: cardioprotection for cardiac surgery. J Cardiac Surg 1994;9:526–31.[Medline]
  7. Illes RW, Wright JK, Inners-McBride K, Yang CJ, Tristan A. Ischemic preconditioning improves preservation with crystalloid cardioplegia. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:1481–5.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Immature Heart Studies

  1. Hiramatsu T, Forbess JM, Miura T, Mayer JE Jr. Effect of L-arginine cardioplegia on recovery of neonatal lamb hearts after 2 hours of cold ischemia. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;60:1187–92.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  2. McGowan FX Jr, Cao-Danh H, Takeuchi K, Davis PJ, del Nido PJ. Prolonged neonatal myocardial preservation with a highly buffered low-calcium solution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994;108:772–9.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  3. Pridjian AK, Bove EL, Bolling SF, Childs KF, Brosamer KM, Lupinetti FM. Developmental differences in myocardial protection in response to 5`-nucleotidase inhibition. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994;107:520–6.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  4. Nomura F, Aoki M, Mayer JE Jr. Effects of adenosine infusion during reperfusion after cold cardioplegic ischemia in neonatal lambs. Circulation 1993;88(Suppl 2):H380–6.
Senescent Heart Studies

  1. Caldarone CA, Krukenkamp IB, Burns PG, Gaudette GR, Schulman J, Levitsky S. Blood cardioplegia in the senescent heart. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;109:269–74.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  2. Faulk EA, McCully JD, Hadlow NC, et al. Magnesium cardioplegia enhances mRNA levels and the maximal velocity of cytochrome oxidase I in the senescent myocardium during global ischemia. Circulation 1995;92:405–12.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  3. McCully JD, Tsukube T, Ataka K, Krukenkamp IB, Feinberg H, Levitsky S. Myocardial cytosolic calcium accumulation during ischemia/reperfusion: the effects of aging and cardioplegia. J Card Surg 1994;9:449–52.[Medline]
  4. Tsukube T, McCully JD, Faulk EA, et al. Magnesium cardioplegia reduces cytosolic and nuclear calcium and DNA fragmentation in the senescent myocardium. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:1005–11.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Hyperpolarizing Cardioplegia

  1. Damiano RJ Jr, Cohen NM. Hyperpolarized arrest attenuates myocardial stunning following global surgical ischemia: an alternative to traditional hyperkalemic cardioplegia? J Cardiac Surg 1994;9:517–25.[Medline]
  2. Hosoda H, Sunamori M, Suzuki A. Effect of pinacidil on rat hearts undergoing hypothermic cardioplegia. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:1631–6.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  3. Pignac J, Bourgouin J, Dumont L. Cold cardioplegia and the K+ channel modulator aprikalim (RP 52891): improved cardioprotection in isolated ischemic rabbit hearts. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1994;72:126–32.[Medline]




This Article
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Irvin B. Krukenkamp
Sidney Levitsky
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Right arrow Articles by Krukenkamp, I. B.
Right arrow Articles by Levitsky, S.

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