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Ann Thorac Surg 1996;61:1037
© 1996 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Key References

Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Embolism

Lazar J. Greenfield, MD, Mary C. Proctor, MS

Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Footnotes

Address reprint requests to Dr Greenfield, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospitals, Taubman Health Care Center, Room 2101, Box 0346, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.

Diagnosis

  1. Nyman U. Diagnostic strategies in acute pulmonary embolism. Haemostasis 1993;23(Suppl 1):220–6.[Medline]
  2. Henschke CI, Mateescu I, Yankelevitz DF. Changing practice patterns in the workup of pulmonary embolism. Chest 1995;107:940–5.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  3. PIOPED Investigators. Value of the ventilation/perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism. JAMA 1990;263:2753–9.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  4. Van Beek EJR, Kuyer PMM, Schenk BE, Bradjes DPM, Ten Cate JW, Buller HR. A normal perfusion lung scan in patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism. Frequency and clinical validity. Chest 1995;108:170–3.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  5. Kearon C, Hirsh J. The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Haemostasis 1995;25:72–87.[Medline]
  6. Shabahang M, Neville RF, Evans SRT, Nauta RI. The clinical impact of risk factor analysis and prophylaxis on pulmonary embolism. Angiology 1994;45:749–54.[Medline]
  7. Stein PD, Gottschalk A. Critical review of ventilation/perfusion lung scans in acute pulmonary embolism. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1994;37:13–24.[Medline]
  8. Moser KM, Fedullo PF, LittleJohn JK, Crawford R. Frequent asymptomatic pulmonary embolism in patients with deep venous thrombosis. JAMA 1994;271:223–5.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  9. Stein PD, Hull RD, Saltzman HA, Pineo GF. Strategy for diagnosis of patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism. Chest 1993;103:1553–9.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Treatment

  1. Gulba DC, Schmid C, Borst HG, Lichtlen P, Dietz R, Luft FC. Medical compared with surgical treatment for massive pulmonary embolism. Lancet 1994;343:576–7.[Medline]
  2. LaPrade RF, Fowler BL, Ryan TG. Skin necrosis with minidose warfarin used for prophylaxis against thromboembolic disease after hip surgery. Orthopedics 1993;16:703–4.[Medline]
  3. Goldhaber SZ, Agnelli G, Levine MN. Reduced dose bolus alteplase vs conventional alteplase infusion for pulmonary embolism thrombolysis. An international multicenter randomized trial. Chest 1994;106:718–24.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  4. Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy-III. Reduction in venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism by antiplatelet prophylaxis among surgical and medical patients. Br Med J 1994;308:235–46.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  5. Leizorovicz A, Simonneau G, Decousus H, Boissel JP. Comparison of efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparins and unfractionated heparin in initial treatment of deep venous thrombosis. A meta-analysis. Br Med J 1994;309:299–304.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  6. Goldhaber SZ, Haire WD, Feldstein ML, et al. Alteplase versus heparin in acute pulmonary embolism: randomized trial assessing right-ventricular function and pulmonary perfusion. Lancet 1993;341:507–11.[Medline]
  7. Crystal KS, Kase DJ, Scher LA, Shapiro MA, Naidich JB. Utilization patterns with inferior vena cava filters surgical versus percutaneous placement. J Vasc Intervent Radiol 1995;6:443–8.[Medline]
  8. Goldhaber SZ. Contemporary pulmonary embolism thrombolysis. Chest 1995;107:45S--51S.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  9. Clagett GP. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: an update: In: Goldstone J, Brewster DC, Clagett GP, et al, eds. Perspectives in vascular surgery. St. Louis: Quality Medical Publishing, 1994:71--84.
Follow-up

  1. Stein PD, Henry JW, Relyea B. Untreated patients with pulmonary embolism. Outcome, clinical, and laboratory assessment. Chest 1995;107:931–5.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  2. Ferris E, McCowan T, Carver DK, McFarland DR. Percutaneous inferior vena caval filters. Follow-up of seven designs in 320 patients. Radiology 1993;188:851–6.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  3. Schulman S, Rhedin AS, Lindmarker P, et al. A comparison of six weeks with six months of oral anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1661–5.[Medline]
  4. Jamieson S, Auger WR, Fedullo PF, et al. Experience and results with 150 pulmonary thromboendarterectomy operations over a 29-month period. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993;106:116–27.[Abstract]
  5. Greenfield LJ, Proctor MC, Williams D, Wakefield T. Long-term experience with transvenous catheter pulmonary embolectomy. J Vasc Surg 1993;18:450–8.[Medline]
  6. Greenfield LJ, Proctor MC, Cho KJ, et al. Extended evaluation of the titanium Greenfield vena caval filter. J Vasc Surg 1994;20:458–65.[Medline]
  7. Sarasin FP, Bounameaux H. Duration of oral anticoagulant therapy after proximal deep vein thrombosis. A decision analysis. Thromb Haemost 1994;71:286–91.[Medline]
  8. Greenfield LJ, Proctor MC. Twenty-year clinical experience with the Greenfield filter. Cardiovasc Surg 1995;3:199–205.[Medline]
Cost-Effectiveness

  1. Sarasin FP, Eckman MH. Management and prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with cancer-related hypercoagulable states: a risky business. J Gen Intern Med 1993;8:476–86.[Medline]
  2. Oudkerk M, Van Beek EJR, Van Putten WLJ, Buller HR. Cost-effectiveness analysis of various strategies in the diagnostic management of pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:947–54.[Abstract/Free Full Text]




This Article
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Right arrow Author home page(s):
Lazar J. Greenfield
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Right arrow Articles by Greenfield, L. J.
Right arrow Articles by Proctor, M. C.

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