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a Epworth Hospital, Richmond, Victoria, 3121 Australia
b Royal Melbourne Hospital, Suite 27, Private Medical Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050 Australia
(Email: brianbuxton@ozemail.com.au).
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The use of three dimensional multi-detector computed tomographic angiography (MDCTA) in assessing patients requiring reoperative cardiothoracic surgery has brought diagnostic information to a new level. The results of reoperative cardiac surgery have been improving despite the increased comorbidities of these patients prior to the introduction of MDCTA. New strategies have evolved such as non-sternotomy approaches, for example, mini-anterior and lateral thoracotomy. Conventional median re-sternotomy has been simplified by creating a mini-tunnel confined to the immediate posterior aspect of the sternum with improved protection of the right ventricle and mediastinal structures. Pharmacologic decompression and peripheral cannulation, either by the axillary or transfemoral routes, and deep hypothermic cardiac arrest minimize trauma to retrosternal coronary artery bypass grafts,
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