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Ann Thorac Surg 2002;73:56-57
© 2002 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Invited commentary

^a Department of Surgery (Cardiothoracic), Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA

e-mail: kkanter@emory.edu

This article by Van Praagh and associates presents the pathological findings and clinical management of apical muscular ventricular septal defects. This is an uncommon problem seen in 0.5% of the 3,155 heart specimens in the Cardiac Registry of the Boston Children’s Hospital. This article gives a detailed pathologic description of the morphology of the apical ventricular septal defect, which will not only help . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2002 73: 48-56. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]