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Ann Thorac Surg 1999;68:536
© 1999 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Invited Commentary

John L. Bass, MDa

a Division of Pediatric Cardiology University of Minnesota Box 94 Mayo, 420 Delaware St SE Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

Invited commentary

Cardiovascular operations without preoperative cardiac catheterization began two generations ago, when physical findings, electrocardiogram, and chest roentgenogram were the sole preoperative evaluation methods in children with an atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, or coarctation of the aorta. In the next generation of pediatric cardiologists, this practice spread to more complicated lesions by combining anatomic data from two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging with flow and pressure dynamics from Doppler echocardiography. This technique required careful echocardiographic studies tracing every detail of cardiovascular anatomy. Cardiac catheterization was done . . . [Full Text of this Article]


Related Article

Pediatric open heart operations without diagnostic cardiac catheterization
Jean-Pierre Pfammatter, Pascal A. Berdat, Thierry P. Carrel, and Franco P. Stocker
Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1999 68: 532-536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]





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