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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Personal Folders Download to citation manager Author home page(s): Frederic W. Grannis, Jr Permission Requests Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Grannis, F. W. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Grannis, F. W., Jr Related Collections Anesthesia Related Article

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Original Articles: General Thoracic

Invited Commentary

Department of General and Oncologic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010

(Email: fgrannis@coh.org).

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

I have witnessed major advances in the management of postoperative pain in the 40 years since my first posterolateral thoracotomy under the tutelage of "Jim" Clagett at Mayo Clinic. Postoperative analgesia circa 1970 was typically limited to intermittent intramuscular meperidine or morphine sulfate as needed. With this analgesic regimen, thoracotomy patients experienced severe pain. The combination of inadequate pain control and narcotic sedation resulted in a restriction of deep breathing, inefficient cough, and failure to . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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