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Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, 4N-470, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
(Email: terry.yau@uhn.on.ca).
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In recent years, stem cell therapy has received considerable attention as a novel therapeutic option for refractory congestive heart failure. Although the mechanisms through which these cells elicit functional improvement are yet to be fully determined, recent studies suggest that paracrine effects, rather than direct trans-differentiation of donor cells into cardiomyocytes, may predominate in augmenting postinfarction cardiac function.
Progress in cell therapy, however, is hampered by suboptimal engraftment of donor cells into the myocardium, related to the extensive cell death that ensues from the hostile milieu into which the donor cells are introduced. This problem has stimulated further investigation of the use of bioengineered scaffolds as cell delivery vehicles, with the hope that these constructs may
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