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Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Room 2123 270-05, 76th Ave, New Hyde Park, NY 11040
(Email: lmgraver@ix.netcom.com).
| The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below. |
To achieve symptomatic and survival benefit in the surgical management of heart failure in appropriate patients, each of the three "Vs" must be addressed: (1) vascularization, (2) valvular competence, and (3) volume restoration of the left ventricle. Standardized management strategies and selection criteria exist for coronary and valvular reconstructions, but there remains quite significant surgeon and institutional variability with regard to selection and technique of surgical ventricular
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