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Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Berne, Freiburgstrasse, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland
(Email: thierry.carrel@insel.ch; florian.schoenhoff@insel.ch).
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Favorable early and mid-term outcomes after corrective congenital surgery (including reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract) have led to an increasing demand for right ventricular-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) conduits in children, adolescents, and even in adult patients. Unfortunately there still is no ideal conduit that fulfills all the expectations (eg, autologous material, unrestricted and immediate availabilty, growth potential, resistance to infection, and, last but not least, excellent long-term durability and low rate of structural degeneration).
Because the successful introduction of cryopreservation in the 1980s, pulmonary homografts have been considered as the conduit of choice by a large number of surgeons. However, the expanding use for homografts has led
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