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Ann Thorac Surg 2004;77:1150-1151
© 2004 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Ethics in cardiothoracic surgery

Concluding remarks

Robert M. Sade, MD

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

Should surgeons spend more time with family and personal interests and less time in hospitals? Drs Coselli and Conklin and Drs Dickey and Ungerleider have provided conflicting answers in their respective essays. Their views, taken together, however, do not exhaust all possibilities. Additional insights may be gained by considering fundamental aspects of human behavior as understood by ancient philosophers. To them, Aristotle in particular, the most important of the virtues was phronesis, which has been roughly translated as "prudence" or "practical wisdom," though neither term captures its essence. Phronesis is the wisdom that helps us recognize those particular goals and virtues, both professional and personal, that are of greatest value to us as individuals. By applying this wisdom, we can choose a path that will correctly align our personal goals and virtues so that our individual and unique human potentials can be most fully realized [1].

Drs Coselli and Conklin have spelled out the professional goals and virtues needed for a successful professional life as a surgeon. We have been deeply inculcated with a group of virtues that characterize an excellent surgeon: (1) fidelity: being loyal to our patients before all other loyalties; (2) productiveness: working long hours to do the most we . . . [Full Text of this Article]






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Copyright © 2004 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons.