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Ann Thorac Surg 2003;76:1337
© 2003 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Correspondence

Legal consequences of disregarding a patient’s wishes: Reply

Martin F. McKneally, MD, PhDa

a Department of Surgery and Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, 77 Forest Grove Dr, Toronto, ON M2K 124, Canada

e-mail: martin.mckneally@utoronto.ca

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

To the Editor:

Counselor Ridley argues convincingly that legal documents regarding property are not subject to reinterpretation by surrogates. He overextends when he applies this argument to decisions regarding health care. Neither patients nor their surrogates are held captive by advance directives. A woman who elects to forgo analgesics and epidural blocks to participate fully in the experience of childbirth may change her mind when the pain exceeds a threshold she . . . [Full Text of this Article]






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