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Ann Thorac Surg 2003;76:417
© 2003 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Original article: cardiovascular

Invited commentary

Junjiro Kobayashi, MDa

a Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center 5-7-1 Fujishirodai Suita, Osaka 565-8565 Japan

e-mail: jkobayas@hsp.ncvc.go.jp

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

In the past decade, minimally invasive cardiac surgery has been introduced with the attempt to perform valve surgery and congenital heart surgery through small skin incisions. Various video-assisted systems and alternative methods of aortic clamping, vascular cannulation, and cardiopulmonary bypass have been developed. With the introduction of robotic surgical systems, totally endoscopic cardiac surgery has become realistic.

In 2002, 1744 cardiac procedures were carried out using the da Vinci robotic system. . . . [Full Text of this Article]






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