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Original Articles: Adult Cardiac

Newly Developed Tissue-Engineered Material for Reconstruction of Vascular Wall Without Cell Seeding

^a Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
^b Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
^c Senko Medical Instrument Manufacturing Company Ltd, Tokyo, Japan

Accepted for publication April 16, 2009.

^_* Address correspondence to Dr Sawa, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan (Email: sawa{at}surg1.med.osaka-u.ac.jp).

Background: We have developed a tissue-engineered patch for cardiovascular repair. Tissue-engineered patches facilitated site-specific in situ recellularization and required no pretreatment with cell seeding. This study evaluated the patches implanted into canine pulmonary arteries.

Methods: Tissue-engineered patches are biodegradable sheets woven with double-layer fibers. The fiber is composed of polyglycolic acid and poly-L-lactic acid, and compounding collagen microsponges. The patches (20- x 25-mm) were implanted into the canine pulmonary arterial trunks. At 1, 2, and 6 months after implantation (n = 4), they were explanted and characterized by histologic and biochemical analyses. Commercially available patches served as the control. No anticoagulant therapy was administered postoperatively.

Results: No aneurysm or thrombus was present within the patch area in all groups. The remodeled tissue predominantly consisted of elastic and collagen fibers, and the endoluminal surface was covered with a monolayer of endothelial cells and multilayers of smooth muscle cells beneath the endothelial layer. The elastic and collagen fibers and smooth muscle cells kept increasing with a maximum at 6 months, while a monolayer of endothelial cells was preserved. The expression levels of messenger RNA of several growth factors in the tissue-engineered patches were higher than those of native tissue at 1 and 2 months and decreased to normal level at 6 months. No regenerated tissue was found on the endoluminal surface in the control group.

Conclusions: The novel tissue-engineered patches showed in situ repopulation of host cells without prior ex vivo cell seeding. This is promising material for repair of the cardiovascular system.

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