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Original Articles: Adult Cardiac

Anatomical Pattern of Feeding Artery and Mechanism of Intraoperative Spinal Cord Ischemia

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan

Accepted for publication May 8, 2009.

^_* Address correspondence to Dr Shiiya, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan (Email: shiyanor{at}med.hokudai.ac.jp).

Presented at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, Jan 26–28, 2009.

Background: We evaluated correlation between anatomical pattern of the spinal cord feeding artery, detected by preoperative multidetector row computed tomography, and the mechanism of spinal cord ischemia during aortic surgery.

Methods: One hundred sixteen patients underwent multidetector row computed tomography before descending or thoracoabdominal replacement. Segmental arteries feeding the spinal cord were detected in 92 patients (79%), and were classified into "critical" (isolated hairpin shaped) or "supplemental" (confluence-shaped or multiple). Spinal cord ischemia was monitored together with distal aortic perfusion in 53 of them by motor-evoked potentials, evoked spinal cord potentials, or both. The relationship between monitoring results and operative management to the detected feeding arteries was analyzed.

Results: When no feeding segmental artery was involved in the extent of replacement (n = 18), spinal cord ischemia was detected in 1 (6%), which was due to cross-clamping the subclavian artery. When a supplemental feeding artery was involved (n = 15), ischemia was detected in 7 patients (47%), and was reversed by stopping back-bleeding. When a critical feeding artery was involved (n = 20), ischemia was detected in 6 (30%). In 3 of them, ischemia was reversed by stopping back-bleeding, whereas it was reversed only after reconstruction of the critical feeder in the remaining 3. Paraparesis occurred in 1 of the latter 3, and the incidence of spinal cord injury was 2% (1 of 53).

Conclusions: When the involved feeding artery is a supplemental one, the steal phenomenon is the predominant mechanism of ischemia. Conversely, blood flow interruption to the critical feeding artery may cause spinal cord ischemia without steal phenomenon.

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