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Ann Thorac Surg 2009;88:194-198. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.004
© 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
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Original Articles: General Thoracic

Esophageal Stent Placement for the Treatment of Spontaneous Esophageal Perforations

Richard K. Freeman, MD*, Jaclyn M. Van Woerkom, RN, BSN, Amy Vyverberg, RN, BSN, Anthony J. Ascioti, MD

Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana

Accepted for publication April 2, 2009.

* Address correspondence to Dr Freeman, 8433 Harcourt Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46260 (Email: rfreeman{at}corvascmds.com).

Presented at the Poster Session of the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, Jan 26–28, 2009.

Background: Traditional therapy for spontaneous esophageal perforation has most often been urgent operative repair. This investigation summarizes the treatment of spontaneous perforations of the esophagus using an occlusive removable esophageal stent.

Methods: During a 48-month period, patients with a spontaneous esophageal perforation were offered endoluminal esophageal stent placement as the initial therapy instead of operation. Excluded were patients with an esophageal malignancy or a chronic esophageal fistula. Silicone-coated stents were placed endoscopically using general anesthesia and fluoroscopy. Adequate drainage of infected areas was achieved. Leak occlusion was confirmed by esophagram.

Results: Twenty-one esophageal stents were placed in 19 patients for spontaneous esophageal perforations. Associated endoscopic (n = 19) or surgical procedures (n = 9) were also simultaneously performed. Leak occlusion occurred in 17 patients (89%). Fifteen patients (79%) were able to initiate oral nutrition within 72 hours of stent placement. Two patients (10%) with a perforation extending across the gastroesophageal junction experienced a continued leak after stent placement and underwent operative repair. Stent migration in 4 patients (21%) required repositioning (n = 4) or replacement (n = 2). Stents were removed at a mean of 20 ± 15 days after placement. Hospital length of stay was 9 ± 12 days.

Conclusions: Endoluminal esophageal stent placement is an effective treatment of most spontaneous esophageal perforations. These stents result in rapid leak occlusion, provide the opportunity for early oral nutrition, may significantly reduce hospital length of stay, are removable, and avoid the potential morbidities of operative repair.


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Invited Commentary
John C. Kucharczuk
Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2009 88: 199. [Extract] [Full Text] [PDF]



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J. C. Kucharczuk
Invited commentary.
Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2009; 88(1): 199 - 199.
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