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Original Articles: Adult Cardiac

Preoperative Intraaortic Balloon Pumping Improves Outcomes for High-Risk Patients in Routine Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

^a Cardiac Surgery Unit, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
^b Anesthesiology Unit, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy

Accepted for publication November 3, 2008.

^_* Address correspondence to Dr Onorati, Cardiac Surgery Unit, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy (Email: frankono{at}libero.it).

Background: We evaluated the association between the preoperative use of intraaortic balloon pumping and in-hospital and long-term outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods: From 714 total patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting during a 4-year period, we compared the clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic findings up to 1 year after surgery between 111 patients who had a European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) of 12 or greater and received intraaortic balloon pumping preoperatively (group A) and 130 patients who had a EuroSCORE of 5 or less and received no preoperative intraaortic balloon pumping (group B).

Results: Group A patients were significantly older, had significantly more comorbid conditions, and had a significantly lower mean preoperative ejection fraction (all p < 0.001). Intraoperative data were comparable between groups, as were lactate and troponin I levels sampled from the coronary sinus. Lactate, troponin I, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase-MB mass showed comparable leakage at all postoperative times. The incidences of in-hospital mortality, perioperative myocardial damage, and acute myocardial infarction and duration of hospital stay were comparable. High-risk patients showed significant improvements in ejection fraction (p < 0.001) and wall-motion score index (p = 0.06) after surgery, but low-risk patients showed no significant change in these variables. The incidences of death, recurrent angina, myocardial infarction, and repeat coronary procedures did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions: The preoperative use of intraaortic balloon pumping appears to shift high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting into a lower-risk category and is associated with comparable perioperative troponin leakage and short-term and long-term outcomes similar to low-risk patients not receiving intraaortic balloon pumping.

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				J. L. Svennevig Invited commentary. Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2009; 87(2): 488 - 488. [Full Text] [PDF]