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Original Articles: Adult Cardiac

High-Dose Insulin Therapy Attenuates Systemic Inflammatory Response in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients

^a Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
^b Department of Anesthesia, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Accepted for publication March 21, 2008.

^_* Address correspondence to Dr Albacker, Cardiac Surgery, McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Avenue West, Suite S8.30, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada (Email: dr_turki{at}yahoo.com).

Background: Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces an acute phase reaction that is implicated in the pathogenesis of several postoperative complications. Studies have shown that proinflammatory cytokines are increased by acute hyperglycemia. Recent evidence suggests that insulin has antiinflammatory properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that high-dose insulin therapy would attenuate the systemic inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass and surgery in coronary artery bypass patients while maintaining normoglycemia.

Methods: A total of 52 patients who presented for elective coronary artery bypass were randomized to receive intraoperative intravenous insulin infusion, titrated to maintain blood glucose concentrations less than 180 mg/dL (group I, n = 25), or receive intraoperative fixed high dose of intravenous insulin infusion (5 mU/kg/min) with dextrose 20% infused separately to maintain a blood glucose level between 70 and 110 mg/dL (group II, n = 27). Blood samples were collected at different time points to determine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 and 8 (IL6 and IL8), and complement factor 3 and 4 (C3 and C4).

Results: Patients in both groups had similar preoperative characteristics. Patients in the high-dose insulin group had higher blood insulin concentrations and tighter blood glucose control. There were lower levels of IL6 (150 pg/dL vs 245 pg/dL, p = 0.03), IL-8 (49 pg/dL vs 74 pg/dL, p = 0.05), and TNF (2.2 pg/dL vs 3.0 pg/dL, p = 0.04) in group II in the early postoperative period.

Conclusions: High-dose insulin therapy blunts the early postoperative surge in inflammatory response to CPB as reflected by decreased levels of IL6, IL8, and TNF.

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Invited Commentary

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Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2008 86: 27-28. [Extract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				S. Wan Invited Commentary Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2008; 86(1): 27 - 28. [Full Text] [PDF]