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Original Articles: Cardiovascular

Neoaortic Bicuspid Valve in Arterial Switch Operation: Mid-Term Follow-Up

King Faisal Heart Institute, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Accepted for publication July 6, 2007.

^_* Address correspondence to Dr Al-Halees, King Faisal Heart Institute, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC-16, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia (Email: alhalees{at}kfshrc.edu.sa).

Presented at the Poster Session of the Forty-third Annual Meeting of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, San Diego, CA, Jan 29–31, 2007.

Background: We sought to identify the prevalence of bicuspid pulmonary valve among patients with transposition of the great arteries undergoing the arterial switch operation and evaluate functional integrity of that valve in the neoaortic position.

Methods: Between October 1985 and December 2001, 391 patients had an arterial switch operation for transposition and its variants. Perioperative information and follow-up data were available for 342 patients. The serial echocardiograms of patients with bicuspid pulmonary valve were reviewed. The neoaortic valve was serially assessed, focusing on aortic insufficiency, annulus diameter, and pressure gradients.

Results: Twenty-four patients (7%) had a bicuspid pulmonary valve. Age at operation was 5 days to 12 years. Two patients were lost to follow up, and 22 patients had mean follow-up of 5.3 years (range, 2 months to 13 years), of which 21 patients were alive and 1 died late. At least two postoperative echocardiogram reports were available on 19 patients. Seven patients had no neoaortic regurgitation, and 10 had trivial regurgitation. Severe aortic regurgitation developed in 1 patient with endocarditis and in another with repair of Taussig-Bing anomaly. Neoaortic valve size indexed to body surface area showed an increase in annular diameter over time proportional to somatic growth. No significant valve stenosis developed.

Conclusions: Encountering a bicuspid pulmonary valve at the time of an arterial switch operation is not uncommon. The integrity of a bicuspid pulmonary valve in the neoaortic position is maintained at a mean follow-up of 5.3 years. We believe that the presence of a bicuspid pulmonary valve is not a contraindication to an arterial switch operation.

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