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Ann Thorac Surg 2007;84:926-933
© 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

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Original Articles: General Thoracic

Anatomic Segmentectomy in the Treatment of Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

^a Division of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, Heart, Lung and Esophageal Surgery Institute, UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh
^b Division of Thoracic Surgery, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia
^c Department of Dental Public Health and Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
^d Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts

Accepted for publication May 3, 2007.

^_* Address correspondence to Dr Landreneau, Heart, Lung and Esophageal Surgery Institute, Shadyside Medical Building, Suite 715, 5200 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh PA 15232 (Email: landreneaurj{at}upmc.edu).

Presented at the Forty-third Annual Meeting of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, San Diego, CA, Jan 29–31, 2007.

Background: Segmentectomy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial and has been previously associated with high local recurrence rates. We compared the outcomes of anatomic segmentectomy with lobectomy for stage I NSCLC and investigated the impact of surgical resection margins on recurrence.

Methods: From 2002 to 2006, 182 anatomic segmentectomies (114 open, 68 video-assisted thoracic surgery [VATS]), were performed for stage 1A (n = 109) or IB (n = 73) NSCLC. These were compared with 246 lobectomies (1A, 114; 1B, 132). Variables analyzed included hospital course, mortality, and patterns of recurrence and survival.

Results: All segmentectomy surgical margins were free of tumor (average margin, 18.2 mm). Operative time (147 versus 216 minutes; p < 0.0001) and estimated blood loss (185 versus 291 mL; p = 0.0003) were significantly reduced after segmentectomy compared with lobectomy. Thirty-day mortality (1.1% versus 3.3%), total complications, disease-free recurrence, and survival were similar between segmentectomy and lobectomy at a mean follow-up of 18.1 and 28.5 months, respectively. There were 32 recurrences after segmentectomy (17.6%) at a mean of 14.3 months (14 locoregional [7.7%], 18 distant [9.9%]), and 89% of recurrences were seen when tumor margins were 2 cm or less. Margin/tumor diameter ratios exceeding 1 were associated with a significant reduction in recurrence rates compared with ratios of less than 1 (25.0% versus 6.2%; p = 0.0014).

Conclusions: Anatomic segmentectomy can be performed safely by an open or VATS approach. Segmentectomy outcomes compare favorably with standard lobectomy for stage I NSCLC. Margin/tumor ratios of less than 1 are associated with a higher rate of recurrence. Lobectomy should be considered as primary therapy when such margins are not obtainable with segmentectomy in the good-risk patient.

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