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Ann Thorac Surg 2007;84:537-543
© 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
a Department of Pulmonology of the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
b Department of Cardiology of the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
c Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
d Department of Physics and Medical Technology, The Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
e Department of Pulmonology, The Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
f Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Accepted for publication April 2, 2007.
* Address correspondence to Dr Bresser, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonology, F5-144, PO Box 22700, Amsterdam, 1100 DE, the Netherlands (Email: p.bresser{at}amc.uva.nl).
Background: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) who undergo pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). We studied whether plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels can be used to identify RV dysfunction in CTEPH patients. Therefore, plasma BNP levels were studied in relation to cardiac remodeling and function as determined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods: Thirty-eight patients with CTEPH (55 ± 15 years), and ten healthy controls (46 ± 15 years) were studied. The BNP was determined by an immunoradiometric assay.
Results: The CTEPH patients had a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 49 ± 13 mm Hg, cardiac index 2.1 ± 0.7 l · min–1 · m–2, and pulmonary vascular resistance of 867 ± 432 dynes · s · cm–5. In CTEPH patients, compared with controls, right ventricular (RV) remodeling was demonstrated. In the patients, BNP was increased and correlated (all p < 0.0001; Spearman rank test) with MRI parameters of RV remodeling and function: end diastolic (r = 0.71) and end systolic (r = 0.74) volumes, RV mass (r = 0.68), leftward ventricular septal bowing (r = –0.80) and ejection fraction (EF; r = –0.81). By receiver operating curve analysis, BNP levels of 11.5 picomole (pmol)/L and 48.5 pmol/L, respectively, detected RV dysfunction as defined by RVEF less than 0.45 and less than 0.30, respectively, with high sensitivity and specificity. Hemodynamically, BNP levels greater than 48.5 pmol/L identified the most severely affected patients.
Conclusions: In CTEPH patients, BNP levels correlate with RV remodeling and can be used to identify RV dysfunction. Future studies are warranted on the role of BNP to identify "high risk" CTEPH patients and its relation to postoperative hemodynamic outcome, RV failure, and mortality.
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