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Ann Thorac Surg 2007;83:1477-1483
© 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Original Articles: Cardiovascular

Complement Factor 1 Inhibitor Improves Cardiopulmonary Function in Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Kamran Baig, MRCSa, Rashid Nassar, PhDc, Damian M. Craig, MSb, George Quick, Jrb, Hai Xiang Jiang, MD, PhDc, Michael M. Frank, MDc, Andrew J. Lodge, MDb, Page A.W. Anderson, MDc, James Jaggers, MDb,*

a Department of Surgery, Kings College Hospital, London, England
b Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
c Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina

Accepted for publication October 20, 2006.

* Address correspondence to Dr Jaggers, Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3474, Durham, NC 27710 (Email: jagge003{at}mc.duke.edu).

Presented at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Chicago, IL, Jan 30–Feb 1, 2006.

Background: The inflammatory insult associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) continues to result in morbidity for neonates undergoing complex repair of congenital cardiac defects. Complement and contact activation are important mediating processes involved in this injury. Complement factor 1 esterase inhibitor (C1-inh), a natural inhibitor of complement, kallikrein, and coagulation pathways, may be decreased in children undergoing cardiac operations requiring CPB. We tested the hypothesis that C1-inh supplementation will ameliorate the cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction in a model of neonatal CPB.

Methods: Fifty-two neonatal pigs were randomly assigned to receive 0 IU (n = 22), 500 IU (n = 15), 1,000 IU (n = 8), or 1,500 IU (n = 7) of C1-inh. Doses were delivered 5 minutes before starting 90 minutes of normothermic CPB. Pulmonary and cardiovascular measures were taken before and 5, 30, and 60 minutes after CPB.

Results: Five animals did not survive CPB. The C1-inh concentration post-CPB increased monotonically with increasing dose (p < 0.001). Weight gain was significantly less in the 1,500 IU group (0.24 ± 0.10 kg versus 0.38 ± 0.09 kg, p = 0.001). Dynamic compliance increased with C1-inh dose from 0 to 500 IU by 23% ± 4% (p < 0.001), but the increase leveled off at the higher doses. Alveolar-arterial O2 gradient decreased with C1-inh dose (p = 0.009). Time derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dtmax) increased significantly with increasing dose (p = 0.016). At the highest dose of C1-inh, the time constant of isovolumic relaxation was increased (p = 0.018).

Conclusions: The C1-inh supplementation results in improved pulmonary and systolic cardiac function in a model of neonatal CPB. The negative effect on diastolic function requires further investigation.






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