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Ann Thorac Surg 2006;82:1594-1597
© 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

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Original Articles: Cardiovascular

Redo Aortic Valve Replacement in Children

Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, Atlanta, Georgia

Accepted for publication May 31, 2006.

^_* Address correspondence to Dr Kanter, Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322 (Email: kkanter{at}emory.edu).

Presented at the Poster Session of the Forty-first Annual Meeting of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Tampa, FL, Jan 24–26, 2005.

BACKGROUND: Some children who have had an aortic valve replacement (AVR) will need valve re-replacement (redo-AVR). We analyzed our results with 38 redo-AVRs in 30 children.

METHODS: Thirty children, aged 2 months to 20 years (mean, 11.5 ± 5.4 years), underwent 38 redo-AVRs 1 month to 14 years (mean, 4.6 ± 4.5 years) after previous AVR. Seven children had a second redo-AVR and one had a third redo-AVR (his fourth AVR). Reoperation indication was primarily stenosis in 19, regurgitation in 12, endocarditis in 3, valve thrombosis-emboli in 3, and ruptured aortic aneurysm in 1. The initial valve was mechanical in 26, homograft in 7, xenograft in 4, or a Ross procedure in 1. Sixteen patients (42%) had a previous Konno procedure.

RESULTS: The new valve was mechanical (28), homograft (5), xenograft (4), or a Ross procedure (1). Twenty-five valves were upsized on re-replacement. The median valve size was 23 mm (median size increase 4 mm). Twenty-seven operations (71%) included annulus enlargement (16 redo-Konno, 8 new Konno, and 3 Manougian). Twelve children (32%) had concomitant operations including mitral valve repair-replacement (4) and right ventricular outflow tract procedure (5). Three of the 4 hospital deaths were with second or third time redo-AVR. The only death in patients with first time redo-AVR was a patient in cardiogenic shock at the time of operation.

CONCLUSIONS: Redo-AVR in children can be performed with reasonable morbidity and mortality. A larger prosthesis can often be placed in these children. Second or third time redo-AVR appears to be riskier. Earlier referral before onset of ventricular dysfunction is warranted.

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