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Ann Thorac Surg 2006;82:726-729
© 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
a Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Paris, France
b Unité de Chirurgie Thoracique, Paris, France
c Unité de Gynécologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
Accepted for publication October 6, 2005.
* Address correspondence to Dr Alifano, Unité de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôtel-Dieu 1, Place du Parvis Notre Dame, Paris, 75181 Cedex 04 France. (Email: marcoalifano{at}yahoo.com).
Catamenial pneumothorax is a relatively rare condition, generally of mild to moderate severity. We report the case of a 29-year-old woman who experienced an episode of life threatening right-sided hemopneumothorax in association with menses. She had already been operated on for recurrent pneumothorax. Treatment of the current episode included urgent tube thoracostomy and iterative thoracotomy, together with lung wedge resection, parietal pleurectomy, and partial diaphragmatic excision. Pathologic examination revealed endometrial implants massively involving the diaphragm, the pleura, and the lung parenchyma. The present report shows that endometriosis-related pneumothorax may be extremely severe. The multiple localizations of endometrial implants in this case may provide a support to the different pathogenic theories of endometriosis-related pneumothorax.
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