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Ann Thorac Surg 2006;81:S2381-S2388
© 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
* Address correspondence to Dr Gruber, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Suite 8527, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (Email: gruber{at}email.chop.edu).
Presented at the Symposium on Harnessing the Effects of Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Bypass at the Fourth World Congress of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Sept 21, 2005.
Advances in cardiopulmonary bypass and surgical techniques have led to progress in the early repair of congenital heart defects in children. However, as increasing numbers survive their initial cardiac operation, an awareness is emerging that significant early and late neurologic morbidities continue to complicate otherwise successful operative repairs. Adverse neurologic outcomes after neonatal cardiac surgery are multifactorial and relate to both fixed and modifiable mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to (1) review mechanisms of brain injury after neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass, (2) examine risk factors, and (3) speculate on how investigations may improve our understanding of neurologic injury.
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