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Ann Thorac Surg 2006;81:2196-2201
© 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

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Original article: Cardiovascular

Induction of Interleukin-19 and Interleukin-22 After Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass

^a Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Tainan, Taiwan
^b Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tainan, Taiwan
^c Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University
^d Department of Anesthesiology,Tainan, Taiwan
^e Department of Surgery, Tainan, Taiwan
^f Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan

Accepted for publication January 26, 2006.

^_* Address correspondence to Dr Chang, Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, 704 Taiwan (Email: mschang{at}mail.ncku.edu.tw).

BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-19, IL-20, and IL-22, three novel cytokines in the IL-10 family, have recently been discovered. The biological functions and clinical implications of these cytokines are not clear. We aimed to analyze if serum levels of these cytokines were altered in inflammatory responses of postoperative cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and investigate the molecular mechanism involved in cytokine induction.

METHODS: Twenty-five patients undergoing elective aortic-coronary bypass grafting with CPB were enrolled in this study. Blood samples withdrawn at (T1) before anesthesia, (T2) CPB start, (T3) CPB end, (T4) 4 hours post-CPB, (T5) 8 hours post-CPB, (T6) 12 hours post-CPB, (T7) 24 hours post-CPB, and (T8) 48 hours post-CPB were assayed for IL-6, IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, and tumor necrotic factor- (TNF-). Transcripts of IL-19, IL-20, and IL-22 from monocytes were analyzed. In vitro, levels of IL-19, IL-20, and IL-22 production in monocytes incubated with IL-6 and TNF- were determined.

RESULTS: The serum levels of IL-19 and IL-22 significantly increased at T3, peaked at T5, and remained increased at T8 (p<0.001). Induction of IL-19 and IL-22 was concomitant with the change in IL-10, IL-6, and TNF- levels. Interleukin-19, IL-20, and IL-22 transcripts in monocytes from patients increased after CPB. In vitro experiments showed that IL-6 and TNF- upregulated IL-19 protein expression in monocytes.

CONCLUSIONS: Serum IL-19 and IL-22 were induced in cardiac surgery with CPB and concomitant with induction of IL-6 and TNF-. The IL-19 and these proinflammatory cytokines may interactively contribute to systemic inflammatory responses after CPB.

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