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Ann Thorac Surg 2005;79:1017-1022
© 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

New technology

Automatic Intraaortic Balloon Pump Timing Using an Intrabeat Dicrotic Notch Prediction Algorithm

Jan J. Schreuder, MD, PhDa,*, Alessandro Castiglioni, MDa, Andrea Donelli, MSa, Francesco Maisano, MDa, Jos R.C. Jansen, PhDb, Ramzi Hanania, MSc, Pat Hanlon, RNc, Jan Bovelander, CRNAc, Ottavio Alfieri, MDa,c

a Department of Cardiac Surgery, San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
b Intensive Care, Leiden University Hospital, Leiden, the Netherlands
c Arrow International, Reading, Pennsylvania

Accepted for publication July 29, 2004.

* Address reprint requests to Dr Schreuder, Department of Cardiac Surgery, San Raffaele University Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy (E-mail: schreuder{at}libero.it).

PURPOSE: The efficacy of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) during arrhythmic episodes is questionable. A novel algorithm for intrabeat prediction of the dicrotic notch was used for real time IABP inflation timing control.

DESCRIPTION: A windkessel model algorithm was used to calculate real-time aortic flow from aortic pressure. The dicrotic notch was predicted using a percentage of calculated peak flow. Automatic inflation timing was set at intrabeat predicted dicrotic notch and was combined with automatic IAB deflation.

EVALUATION: Prophylactic IABP was applied in 27 patients with low ejection fraction (< 35%) undergoing cardiac surgery. Analysis of IABP at a 1:4 ratio revealed that IAB inflation occurred at a mean of 0.6 ± 5 ms from the dicrotic notch. In all patients accurate automatic timing at a 1:1 assist ratio was performed. Seventeen patients had episodes of severe arrhythmia, the novel IABP inflation algorithm accurately assisted 318 of 320 arrhythmic beats at a 1:1 ratio.

CONCLUSIONS: The novel real-time intrabeat IABP inflation timing algorithm performed accurately in all patients during both regular rhythms and severe arrhythmia, allowing fully automatic intrabeat IABP timing.


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INVITED COMMENTARY
William L. Holman
Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2005 79: 1022. [Extract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Beat-to-Beat Effects of Intraaortic Balloon Pump Timing on Left Ventricular Performance in Patients With Low Ejection Fraction
Jan J. Schreuder, Francesco Maisano, Andrea Donelli, Jos R.C. Jansen, Pat Hanlon, Jan Bovelander, and Ottavio Alfieri
Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2005 79: 872-880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]





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