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Ann Thorac Surg 2004;78:1261-1266
© 2004 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Original article: cardiovascular

Emergency Endovascular Stent-Grafting for Life-Threatening Acute Type B Aortic Dissections

Lennart F. Duebener, MDa, Peter Lorenzen, MDb, Gert Richardt, MDc, Martin Misfeld, MDa, Axel Nötzold, MDa, Franz Hartmann, MDb, Hans-Hinrich Sievers, MDa,*, Volker Geist, MDc

a Department of Cardiac Surgery University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
b Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
c Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Bad Segeberg, Bad Segeberg, Germany

Accepted for publication March 16, 2004.

* Address reprint requests to Dr Sievers, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
sievers{at}medinf.mu-luebeck.de

BACKGROUND: There is still a considerable controversy regarding optimal treatment for patients with acute type B aortic dissection. Patients with complicated disease are particularly challenging for cardiovascular treatment. Early surgery for acute dissections of the descending aorta with life-threatening complications is known to carry a high mortality. Endovascular stent grafting is developing as an alternative treatment mainly for chronic stages of type B aortic dissection. It is not clear whether endovascular stent grafting is safe and effective in emergency treatment of acute type B aortic dissection.

METHODS: In 10 patients (7 men, 3 women; mean age, 59.2 years; range, 46 to 65 years), endovascular stent grafting was performed within 11.0 ± 5.9 hours (range, 4 to 24 hours) of diagnosis of complications. Indications for acute intervention included contained rupture, hematothorax, life-threatening malperfusion, and refractory pain. Using a retrograde endovascular route after surgical exposure of the femoral artery, self-expanding stent prostheses consisting of polyester-covered Nitinol (Talent, World Medical; mean diameter, 40 ± 4 mm; length, 10 cm) were placed into the descending aorta distal to the subclavian artery. Before discharge and on follow-up visits, imaging of the aorta was performed using computed tomography.

RESULTS: In 9 of 10 patients (90%), the primary entry could be completely occluded with the endovascular stent. Early mortality was 20% (2 of 10): 1 patient died after disruption of the intimal layer distal to the stent, and 1 patient died in hemorrhagic shock after surgical fenestration of the abdominal aorta for persistent malperfusion. Three patients (30%) required consecutive surgical treatment: indications included acute development of retrograde type A aortic dissection, acute stent dislocation by fractured wires and secondary leakage, and late formation of an aneurysm of the descending aorta 6 months after endovascular stent grafting. There were no surgical or late deaths.

CONCLUSIONS: Our experience provides some evidence that early mortality of life-threatening acute type B aortic dissection may be reduced by emergency endovascular stent grafting and that this form of treatment is a promising therapeutic option. Refinements, especially in stent design and application, may further improve the prognosis of patients in the life-threatening situation of complicated acute type B aortic dissection.


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