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Ann Thorac Surg 2003;76:1319-1326
© 2003 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Review

Active, specific immunotherapy for lung cancer: hurdles and strategies using genetic modification

Robert J. Korst, MD*a,c, Ronald G. Crystal, MDb,c

a Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York, New York USA,
b Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York, New York USA
c Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA

* Address reprint requests to Dr Korst, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Room M-404, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th St, New York, NY, USA 10021
e-mail: rjk2002{at}med.cornell.edu

Active immunotherapy for lung cancer has been a challenge because of the poor antigenic characterization of these tumors and their ability to escape the immune response. However, knowledge of the mechanisms of anti-tumor immunity has expanded significantly over the past decade, leading to the development of more novel, specific strategies for augmenting the immune response. Genetic manipulation of tumor cells, immune cells, or both, may help overcome some of the previously encountered difficulties of immunotherapy. Laboratory and clinical investigations are currently ongoing to evaluate the feasibility and potential benefit of these novel approaches.






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