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Ann Thorac Surg 2002;74:1648-1652
© 2002 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

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Original article: general thoracic

The role of COX-2 inhibitors in lung cancer

^a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
^b Department of Academic Surgery, Cork University Hospital and University College Cork, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
^c Department of Surgery, Cork University Hospital and University College Cork, Wilton, Cork, Republic of Ireland

Accepted for publication June 28, 2002.

* Address reprint requests to Dr Redmond, Department of Academic Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Republic of Ireland
e-mail: redmondhp{at}shb.ie

BACKGROUND: Human lung cancer is a major cause of death worldwide with few known effective therapeutic modalities. The isoenzyme cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is an inducible inflammatory enzyme with increased activity evidenced in lung carcinoma. The objective was to determine the effect of a selective COX-2 inhibitor on proliferation and apoptosis rates in the Lewis lung (3LL) tumor cell line in vitro.

METHODS: First, 1 x 10⁴ 3LL cells were plated in a 96-well plate. Cells were incubated for 24 hours with either a control or increasing doses of rofecoxib (0.1 mmol/L, 0.25 mmol/L, 0.5 mmol/L, 1.0 mmol/L, and 2.5 mmol/L) in complete Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium culture medium. Cell proliferation was measured using BrdU enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Next, 1 x 10⁶ 3LL cells were similarly treated. Cells were permeabilized, immunostained with propidium iodide and apoptotic rates were measured using flow cytometry. Then, 5 x 10⁴ cells were plated on a 24-well plate. Cells were incubated for 24 hours with either control or increasing doses of rofecoxib (0.1 mmol/L, 0.25 mmol/L, 0.5 mmol/L, 1.0 mmol/L, and 2.5 mmol/L) in complete culture medium. Supernatant was collected and lactate dehydrogenase was measured for cell necrosis using a cytotoxicity detection kit.

RESULTS: The selective COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib resulted in a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis and dose and time-dependent growth inhibition in cell proliferation. However, rofecoxib did not cause cell necrosis.

CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant decrease in proliferation and increase in apoptosis of 3LL tumor cells when treated with the highly selective COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib. COX-2 inhibitors may have a potential role to play in the treatment of lung carcinoma.

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