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Ann Thorac Surg 2002;74:1568-1575
© 2002 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
a Stem Cell Research Laboratory, The Charles A. Dana Research Institute and Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Accepted for publication June 26, 2002.
* Address reprint requests to Dr Xiao, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA02215, USA.
e-mail: yxiao{at}caregroup.harvard.edu
BACKGROUND: Viable cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction (MI) are unable to repair the necrotic myocardium due to their limited capability of regeneration. The present study investigated whether intramyocardial transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) or cotransplantation of hMSCs plus human fetal cardiomyocytes (hFCs; 1:1) reconstituted impaired myocardium and improved cardiac function in MI pigs.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Cultured hMSCs were transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Six weeks after MI induction and cell transplantation, cardiac function was significantly improved in MI pigs transplanted with hMSCs alone. However, the improvement was even markedly greater in MI pigs cotransplanted with hMSCs plus hFCs. Histological examination demonstrated that transplantation of hMSCs alone or hMSCs plus hFCs formed GFP-positive engrafts in infarcted myocardium. In addition, immunostaining for cardiac 
-myosin heavy chain and troponin I showed positive stains in infarcted regions transplanted with hMSCs alone or hMSCs plus hFCs.
CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that transplantation of hMSCs alone improved cardiac function in MI pigs with a markedly greater improvement from cotransplantation of hMSCs plus hFCs. This improvement might result from myocardial regeneration and angiogenesis in injured hearts by engrafted cells.
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