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Ann Thorac Surg 2002;74:1500-1505
© 2002 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Original article: cardiovascular

Application of microwave energy in cardiac tissue ablation: from in vitro analyses to clinical use

Mathew R. Williams, MDa*, Michael Knaut, MDb, Dany Bérubé, PhDc, Mehmet C. Oz, MDa

a Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
b Cardiovascular Institute, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
c AFx, Inc, Fremont, California, USA

Accepted for publication June 26, 2002.

* Address reprint requests to Dr Williams, Surgical Arrhythmia Program, Columbia University-College of Physicians and Surgeons, MHB 7-126, 177 Ft. Washington Blvd, New York, NY 10032, USA.
e-mail: mw365{at}columbia.edu

BACKGROUND: Recently, there has been renewed interest in simplifying a surgical cure for atrial fibrillation. Microwave energy ablation provides an easier and faster surgical technique, in lieu of traditional "cut and sew," which can also be applied on the beating heart.

METHODS: Specific absorption rate (SAR) and thermal profiles were determined after microwave energy ablation intended for clinical application. Lesion geometry measures obtained in vitro with tissue equivalent media were compared with values collected from animal myocardium.

RESULTS: Thermal profile analysis demonstrated lesion penetration depths of 2.5, 3, and 5 mm after 8, 16, and 24 seconds, respectively, with microwave power application of 40 W. Dosimetric studies performed using animal myocardium corresponded to the thermal profile analysis and showed that lesion depth was controlled by the output power and the ablation time.

CONCLUSIONS: Lesion geometry in tissue using microwave energy is similar to that predicted from in vitro analysis. The ablation depths and thermal profile of microwave ablation is favorable for performing atrial ablation, and this is corroborated by favorable early clinical results.




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