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Ann Thorac Surg 2002;74:372-377
© 2002 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

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Original article: cardiovascular

Leukodepletion reduces renal injury in coronary revascularization: a prospective randomized study

^a Wessex Regional Cardiac and Thoracic Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom

* Address reprint requests to Dr Tang, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Rd, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
e-mail: gus{at}tang-family.org

Presented at the Thirty-eighth Annual Meeting of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Fort Lauderdale, FL, Jan 28–30, 2002.

Background. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an important contributor to renal failure, which is a well-recognized complication after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Leukodepletion reduces CPB-associated inflammation and resultant end-organ injuries. However, its effectiveness in renal protection has not been evaluated in a prospective randomized clinical setting.

Methods. Forty low-risk patients awaiting elective CABG with normal preoperative cardiac and renal function were prospectively randomized into those undergoing nonpulsatile CPB without (group A: n = 20) and with leukodepletion (group B: n = 20). Renal glomerular and tubular injury were assessed by urinary excretion of microalbumin and retinol binding protein (RBP) indexed to creatinine (Cr), respectively. Daily measurements were taken from admission to postoperative day 5. Fluid balance, serum creatinine, and blood urea were also monitored.

Results. No mortality or renal complication occurred. Both groups had similar demographic makeups, Parsonnet scores, extents of coronary revascularization and, durations of CPB and aortic cross-clamping. Daily fluid balance, serum creatinine, and blood urea remained comparable in both groups throughout the study period. From equal preoperative values, a significantly higher release of urinary RBP:Cr (7,807 ± 2,227 vs 3,942 ± 2,528; p < 0.001) and urinary microalbumin:Cr (59.4 ± 38.0 vs 4.7 ± 6.7; p < 0.0001) occurred in group A, peaking on day 1 before returning to approximate baseline levels.

Conclusions. Although clinically overt renal complications were absent, sensitive indicators revealed significantly more injury to both renal tubules and glomeruli after nonpulsatile CPB without leukodepletion. These data suggest that leukocytes play an important role in post-CPB renal dysfunction, and leukodepletion may offer some renal protection in low-risk patients during CABG.

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