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Ann Thorac Surg 2002;73:1563-1566
© 2002 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
a Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
Accepted for publication December 19, 2001.
* Address reprint requests to Dr Loscertales, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Avda Dr. Fedriani 1, 41071 Seville, Spain
e-mail: jloscert{at}us.es
Background. Discrepancies in predicting resectability by imaging techniques (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) compared with actual intraoperative findings have persuaded us to perform systematic exploratory videothoracoscopy (EVT) as the first step in the surgical evaluation of patients with lung cancer. Resectability of centrally located primary tumors with intrapericardial extension (clinical T4), however, can be established only by direct examination of the pericardial sac contents. Therefore, in these instances, videopericardioscopy (VPC) has been added to our protocol.
Methods. From April 1993 to December 2000, members of our department used EVT to assess 620 patients with lung cancer. Of them, 27 patients, 25 men and 2 women, were seen with pericardial tumor extension. The mean age of the group was 62 years (range, 41 to 77 years). To be properly evaluated, these patients underwent VPC. We used three and, occasionally, four incisions to perform EVT. The same incisions were used to enter the pericardial cavity during VPC.
Results. In 15 of the 27 patients, hilar and vascular invasion was correctly predicted by imaging techniques. The other 12, however, were correctly staged only during EVT. The tumor was deemed unresectable by VPC in 6 patients (5 with invasion at the origin of the pulmonary artery and 1 with involvement of the left inferior pulmonary vein and left atrium), and exploratory thoracotomy was obviated. There was no morbidity or mortality in these 6 patients, and their mean length of hospital stay was 48 hours. The remaining 21 patients underwent thoracotomy and intrapericardial lung resection. Six of them had been considered to have unresectable disease on the basis of computed tomographic findings or magnetic resonance imaging studies. An average of 22 minutes (range, 16 to 33 minutes) was added to the operation when VPC was used.
Conclusions. This study suggests that EVT is superior to imaging techniques (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) in detecting tumor extension into the pericardium. In addition, short of an exploratory thoracotomy, VPC seems to be the most definitive study to establish resectability of centrally located tumors with pericardial invasion. Unnecessary exploratory thoracotomies can thus be avoided.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  E. Pompeo, F. Tacconi, and T. C. Mineo Flexible Videopericardioscopy in cT4 Nonsmall-Cell Lung Cancer With Radiologic Evidence of Proximal Vascular Invasion Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2007; 83(2): 402 - 408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Ohno, T. Utsumi, Y. Sasaki, and Y. Suzuki Videopericardioscopy Using Endothoracic Sonography for Lung Cancer Staging Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 2005; 79(5): 1780 - 1782. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. J. Wurtz Remarks about usefulness of videothoracoscopic intrapericardial examination of pulmonary vessels to assess the resectability of clinical T4 lung cancer Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2003; 76(1): 342 - 342. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Loscertales Reply Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2003; 76(1): 342 - 342. [Full Text] [PDF]
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