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Ann Thorac Surg 2002;73:675-681
© 2002 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Review

Neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid) of the thymus associated with Cushing’s syndrome

Marc de Perrot, MDa, Anastase Spiliopoulos, MDb, Stefan Fischer, MDa, Martin Totsch, MDc, Shaf Keshavjee, MD*a

a Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
b Clinic of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
c Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

* Address reprint requests to Dr Keshavjee, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth St, EN 10-224, Toronto, M5G 2C4 Ontario, Canada
e-mail: shaf.keshavjee{at}uhn.on.ca

Neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid) of the thymus associated with Cushing’s syndrome is a rare disease. Recent evidence suggests that these tumors form part of a continuous spectrum ranging from well-differentiated carcinomas to small cell carcinomas. We report two new cases and review the 23 cases reported in the literature since 1972. The different diagnostic modalities are discussed, and an algorithm for the diagnosis of ectopic secretion of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) is presented. In the future, the advent of radiologic and nuclear imaging as well as more accurate workup should help to diagnose these tumors at an earlier stage and improve the long-term outcome.




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