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Ann Thorac Surg 2001;72:1662-1667
© 2001 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

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Original article: general thoracic

Prediction of early bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy: a multivariate analysis

^a Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain

Accepted for publication July 16, 2001.

* Address reprint requests to Dr Algar, Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
e-mail: med015662{at}nacom.es

Background. The aim of this study was to determine independent risk factors for early bronchopleural fistula (BPF) after pneumonectomy and to assess the efficacy of bronchial coverage in preventing this complication.

Methods. We reviewed 242 consecutive patients undergoing pneumonectomy for lung cancer. The bronchial stump was covered with autologous tissue in 178 patients (74%). Perioperative data were recorded to identify risk factors of BPF by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results. Overall morbidity and mortality rates were 59% and 5.4%, respectively. The incidence of BPF was 5.4%. By univariate analysis, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; p = 0.017), hyperglycemia (p = 0.003), hypoalbuminemia (p = 0.017), previous steroid therapy (p < 0.001), poor predicted postpneumonectomy forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁; p = 0.012), long bronchial stumps (p < 0.001), and mechanical ventilation (p = 0.015), were related with higher risk of BPF. In the multiple logistic regression model, the independent risk factors of BPF were the bronchial stump coverage and length, side of pneumonectomy, predicted postpneumonectomy FEV₁, COPD, and mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions. Bronchial stump coverage is highly recommended in all cases to minimize the risks of BPF. A shorter length of the bronchial stump and early extubation may prevent the development of BPF. Careful attention must be paid to those patients with COPD and poor predicted postpneumonectomy FEV₁.

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