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Ann Thorac Surg 2001;71:1389-1395
© 2001 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Collective review

Anatomic and hemodynamic considerations influencing the efficiency of retrograde cardioplegia

Permyos Ruengsakulrach, FRCSTa, Brian F. Buxton, FRACSa

a Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Address reprint requests to Dr Buxton, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
e-mail: bux{at}austin.unimelb.edu.au

One of the major issues raised by cardiac surgical procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass is the question of myocardial protection. The preferred route for the administration of cardioplegia is controversial. A number of studies show the beneficial effects of retrograde cardioplegia but some demonstrate only partial or poor myocardial protection. This paper reviews the anatomy and anatomic variations of the coronary sinus, the coronary sinus orifice and cardiac veins, and the major systemic venous drainage, all of which may affect the distribution of retrograde cardioplegia.




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