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Ann Thorac Surg 2001;71:S27-S29
© 2001 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

The evolution of women as physicians and surgeons

Gerard N. Burrow, MDa,b, Nora L. Burgess, MDa,b

a Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
b Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, San Francisco, California, USA

Address reprint requests to Dr Burrow, 333 Cedar St, PO Box 208085, New Haven, CT 06520-8085
e-mail: gerard.burrow{at}yale.edu

Presented at the Women in Thoracic Surgery Symposium, Thirty-sixth Annual Meeting of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Fort Lauderdale, FL, Jan 31, 2000.

Women have played an active role as physicians and surgeons from earliest history. In the United States, medical education for women began in 1847 and flourished as medical schools proliferated to meet the growing population demand. The Flexner Report in 1910 resulted in about half the medical schools in the U.S. closing; many of them had admitted women. The number of women medical students increased beginning in the 1970s, until now, 43% of medical school graduates are women. The number of women residents has increased concomitantly from 22% in 1980 to 36% in 1997. Women residents in surgical training programs lag behind. Thoracic surgery has the lowest percent of women residents, at 5%. Unless an attempt is made to actively recruit women, thoracic surgery training programs are in danger of drawing from an increasingly smaller portion of medical school graduates.






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