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Ann Thorac Surg 2000;69:865-871
© 2000 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
a Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center and Children’s Hospital, Loma Linda, California, USA
b Department of Anesthesia, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center and Children’s Hospital, Loma Linda, California, USA
Address reprint requests to Dr Bailey, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11175 Campus St, Suite 21120, Loma Linda, CA 92354
Background. Changes in healthcare delivery have affected the practice of congenital cardiac surgery. We recently developed a strategy of limited sternotomy, early extubation, and very early discharge, and reviewed the perioperative course of 198 pediatric patients undergoing elective cardiovascular surgical procedures, to assess the efficacy and safety of this approach.
Methods. One hundred ninety-eight patients aged 0 to 18 years (median 3.2 years) underwent 201 elective cardiovascular surgical procedures over a 1-year period. All patients were admitted on the day of surgery. Patients were divided into six diagnostic groups: group 1, complex left-to-right shunts (n = 14, 7.0%); group 2, simple left-to-right shunts (n = 83, 41.3%); group 3, right-to-left shunts with pulmonary obstruction (n = 33, 16.4%); group 4, isolated, nonvalvular obstructive lesions (n = 30, 14.9%); group 5, isolated valvular anomalies (n = 20, 10.0%); and group 6, miscellaneous (n = 21, 10.4%).
Results. After 201 procedures, 175 patients (87.1%) were extubated in the operating room and 188 (93.6%) within 4 hours from operation. Four patients (2.0%) were extubated more than 24 hours from completion of the procedure, and 2 (1.0%) died while on respiratory support (never weaned). Five patients (2.6%) failed early extubation (<4 hours). Early discharge was achieved for the vast majority of patients. Overall median length of stay (LOS, including day of surgery as day 1) was 2.0 days, with a median LOS of 3.0 days for those patients requiring circulatory arrest duration exceeding 20 minutes. Of 195 patients, 43 (24.6%), 121 (74.0%), and 159 (81.5%) were discharged, respectively, at < 24, < 48, < 72 hours from admission. Longest and shortest mean postoperative LOS were in group 6 (9.9 ± 14.5 days) and group 2 (1.6 = 0.7 days), respectively. Six patients (2.9%) died, and 11 (5.5%) suffered in-hospital complications. Thirty patients (15.4%) were either treated as outpatients (n = 11, 5.7%) or readmitted (n = 19, 9.7%) within 30 days from the time of surgery. Only 8 of 195 patients (4.1%) were readmitted with true surgical complications requiring invasive therapeutic procedures.
Conclusions. Selected patients with a broad spectrum of congenital heart disease may enjoy same-day admission, limited sternotomy, immediate extubation, and very early discharge with excellent outcomes and acceptable morbidity.
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Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2000 69: 871.
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