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Ann Thorac Surg 1999;68:1836-1837
© 1999 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

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Case Reports

Nephrobronchial fistula secondary to xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis

^a Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
^b Service d’Urologie, CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France

Address reprint requests to Dr Mouroux, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Pasteur, 30, Av de la Voie Romaine, BP 69, 06002 Nice Cedex 1, France

We report a case of staghorn nephrolithiasis that evolved into xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with perinephric abscess, nephrobronchial fistula, and lung abscess. The patient was an intravenous drug abuser who tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus, without evidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. He presented with a 2-month history of untreated repeated episodes of left flank pain and hyperpyrexia. Treatment involved left nephrectomy, debridement of abscess, tube drainage, and intravenous antibiotics. The patient illustrates the need to consider untreated nephrolitiasis as a predisposing factor for pulmonary complications.