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Ann Thorac Surg 1999;68:1165-1170
© 1999 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

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Original Articles

Do mature pulmonary lobes grow after transplantation into an immature recipient?

^a Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

Address reprint requests to Dr Schäfers, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospitals Homburg, Kirrberger Str, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
e-mail: chhjsc{at}med-rz.uni-sb.de

Background. The use of reduced-size adult lung transplants could help solve the profound pediatric donor lung shortage. However, adequate long-term function of the mature grafts requires growth in proportion to the recipient’s development.

Methods. Mature left lower lobes from adult mini-pigs (age: 7 months; mean body weight: 30 kg) were transplanted into 14-week-old piglets (mean body weight: 15 kg). By the end of the 14-week holding period, lungs of the recipients (n = 4) were harvested. After volumetric measurements, the lung morphology was studied using light microscopy, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Changes of alveolar airspace volume were determined using a computer aided image analysis system. Comparisons were made to age- and weight-matched controls.

Results. Volumetric studies showed no significant differences (p = 0.49) between the specific volume (mL/kg body weight) of lobar grafts and left lower lobes of adult controls. Morphologic studies showed marked structural differences between the grafts and the right native lungs of the recipients, with increased average alveolar diameter of the grafts. On light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, alveoli appeared dilated and rounded compared to the normal polygonal shape in the controls. The computer generated semi-quantitative data of relative alveolar airspace volume tended to be higher in transplanted lobes.

Conclusions. The mature pulmonary lobar grafts have filled the growing left hemithorax of the developing recipient. Emphysema-like alterations of the grafts were observed without evidence of alveolar growth in the mature lobar transplants. Thus, it can be questioned whether mature pulmonary grafts can guarantee sufficient long-term gas exchange in growing recipients.

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