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Ann Thorac Surg 1999;68:850-856
© 1999 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
a Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Crawford Long Hospital of Emory University, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Address reprint requests to Dr Gott, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Crawford Long Hospital of Emory University, Suite 7700, 550 Peachtree St, Atlanta, Georgia 30365
e-mail: john_gott{at}emory.org
Presented at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Southern Thoracic Surgical Association, Orlando, FL, Nov 12–14, 1998
Background. A screening and treatment protocol was implemented to extend the benefit of prophylactic carotid endarterectomy to patients who had open heart operations.
Methods. Patients aged 65 or older or who at any age had left main coronary disease, transient ischemic attack, or stroke were eligible for preoperative carotid duplex screening. Carotid endarterectomies and open heart operations were planned as a staged (n = 59) or combined procedure (n = 55) for angiographically confirmed carotid stenosis of at least 80%.
Results. Duplex scans were obtained in 1,719 of 7,035 open heart surgical patients over 8 years. The overall stroke rate was 1.5% (108 of 7,035). Seven of these were strokes of carotid origin (0.1%). There were 129 patients with at least 80% stenosis. One hundred fourteen had carotid endarterectomy preceding open heart operation, and none had carotid artery stroke. Twelve patients with at least 80% carotid stenosis by duplex scan had open heart operations without prophylactic carotid endarterectomies. There were four carotid strokes in these 12 patients (p = 0.0001; odds ratio, 20.2). Stroke risk remained significantly elevated (16.8%, p = 0.005) in the 50% to 79% group. The changes associated with the reduced risk afforded by this screening and treatment strategy amounted to $346 for each patient in the study.
Conclusions. The risk of carotid stroke at the time of cardiac operation can be defined by duplex screening. Prophylactic carotid endarterectomy neutralizes the risk in those with at least 80% stenosis. Consideration for lowering the threshold for assessment and treatment of carotid stenoses appears warranted. The economic investment is recouped by the savings in system resources that would have been depleted through care for carotid stroke and its sequelae.
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