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Ann Thorac Surg 1999;68:637-640
© 1999 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Supplement: Circulatory Support

A miniature implantable axial flow ventricular assist device

Michael E. DeBakey, MDa

a DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

Address reprint requests to Dr DeBakey, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030

Presented at the Fourth International Conference on Circulatory Support Devices for Severe Cardiac Failure, Houston, TX, October 3–5, 1997.

Abstract

Background. Since 1984, in collaboration with NASA engineers, we developed an axial flow pump that is 86 mm long, 22 mm wide, weighs 95 g, produces a flow of 5 to 6 L/min against a 100-mm Hg pressure at about 10,000 rpm, and requires less than 10 W of power.

Methods. The pump has been implanted in 9 calves with the inlet cannula inserted into the left ventricle and the outlet cannula, consisting of an albumin-coated Dacron graft, attached by end-to-side anastomosis to the descending thoracic aorta.

Results. All animals showed normal behavior until they were killed 1 to 3 months after operation. At autopsy, systemic studies of vital organs demonstrated no evidence of thromboembolism; the rpm of the pump was maintained between 9,000 and 10,000; the wattage ranged between 7 and 9; the output between 4 and 5 L/min; the hemoglobin was maintained between 32 and 35 mg/dL; the plasma-free hemoglobin ranged between 0.5 and 3 mg/dL; the BUN ranged between 8 and 14 mg/dL; the creatinine remained less than 1 mg/dL; and bilirubin studies were within normal limits. Bearing wear-tear tests up to about 5 months have been negative.

Conclusions. The performance characteristics of the pump implanted in calves up to 90 days are highly gratifying, particularly in terms of pump output of 5 L/min, an index of hemolysis well within normal limits, and absence of thromboembolism.




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