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Ann Thorac Surg 1998;65:1726-1729
© 1998 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
a Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
b Department of Pathology, University Hospital Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
Accepted for publication December 4, 1997.
Address reprint requests to Dr Schoof, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Leiden, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
e-mail: (PSchoof{at}thorax.azl.nl)
This paper has been presented at the Second International Symposium on Stentless Bioprostheses, Noordwijk, the Netherlands, April 11–12, 1997.
Background. The stentless xenograft with its favorable hemodynamic performance on the left side of the heart seems an attractive, readily available alternative for the reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract in children.
Methods. To assess its function in a preclinical animal investigation, we replaced the pulmonary root with a Freestyle stentless aortic xenograft in 18 piglets of 26.6 ± 3.2 kg weight. The animals were allowed to grow as much as possible and slaughtered when symptoms of heart failure developed or body weight reached more than 160 kg. All valve explants were analyzed by gross examination and photography and, in 4 representative pigs, by histologic examination.
Results. Fourteen animals died prematurely after 2 weeks to 11 months. Twelve xenograft explants showed thick, immobilized, large nodular structures as cuspal remnants causing significant stenosis. At microscopy, large cuspal masses of degenerating collagen and fibrin and various inflammatory cells were frequently found. In the growing pig, most of the xenografts implanted in the pulmonary position showed early degeneration causing severe stenosis.
Conclusions. Use of this valve for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in children cannot be recommended.
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